OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of post-acute renal failure (PARF). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 patients with post-renal acute renal failure (PARF) from 2005 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed to summarize the treatment and management methods. Emergency ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL), retrograde ureteral cannulation or percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) were performed according to different conditions. Blood creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were monitored in all cases. RESULTS: Blood Cr and BUN decreased progressively in all patients after surgery and returned to normal in 32. cases, azotemia in 3 cases, uremia in 1 case, and death in 1 case. CONCLUSION: There are numerous causes of post-acute renal failure, with stones, tumors, and prostatic hyperplasia progressive urinary retention being the main causes. The principle of emergency management is to release obstruction and improve renal function. After the renal function is restored, treatment will be given for different causes. Acute renal failure: obstruction, ureteroscopy, diagnosis and treatment Acute post-renal renal failure is a common critical emergency in urology, with rapid progression and poor prognosis when not treated properly. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 37 patients with post-renal acute renal failure admitted to our hospital from March 2005 to June 2011, and the diagnosis was timely and the treatment results were satisfactory, which are reported below. Treatment: When acute renal failure (ARF) occurs due to deterioration of renal function, the cause should be clarified immediately, infection should be controlled first, blood volume should be replenished, and early hemodialysis should be performed when there is severe high blood K+. After ruling out pre-renal and renal ARF, ureteroscopy should be performed urgently in all diagnosed cases. In patients with BPH, catheterization is performed. Patients with isolated kidney were treated with dialysis followed by lithotripsy. All cases were examined for postoperative changes in blood Cr and blood BUN.