1, the current situation of the incidence of hepatitis B and the current status of treatment The national hepatitis B sero-epidemiological survey in 2006 showed that the rate of HBsAg positivity in the general population in China was 7.18%. The number of chronic HBV infections in China is about 100 million or more, including more than 20 million cases of chronic hepatitis B patients. Nearly 300,000 cases of hepatitis B-related liver disease die each year nationwide. The treatment of chronic hepatitis B mainly includes antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and liver-protective, anti-fibrotic and symptomatic therapy, among which antiviral therapy is the most critical. China’s Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B clearly put forward the goals of chronic hepatitis B treatment: to maximize long-term suppression or elimination of HBV, reduce hepatocyte inflammation necrosis and liver fibrosis, delay and stop disease progression, reduce and prevent liver decompensation, cirrhosis, HCC and its complications, thus improving quality of life and prolonging survival time. The current anti-hepatitis B virus treatment has made great progress, and many patients have their disease effectively controlled through anti-viral therapy. 2, in the long process of hepatitis B treatment, patients will encounter one or another obstacle dangerous shoals, such as excessive tension and anxiety leading to a decline in the body’s immunity, when encountered with drug resistance do not know how to cope? (Here, several difficulties and confusions common to patients in hepatitis B treatment are described in the context of hepatitis B pathogenesis.) Chronic hepatitis B is a persistent infection of hepatitis B virus causing liver inflammation and necrosis, which manifests clinically as fatigue, loss of appetite, recurrent liver function abnormalities, and if the disease is chronic and progressive, it can develop into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among them, viral replication is the main factor in the progression of chronic hepatitis B disease. Because of the seriousness of chronic hepatitis, patients are under great psychological and physical pressure in treatment and often face many difficulties and confusion. These problems, if not properly faced and solved, will seriously affect the patient’s treatment results. For example, can a patient transmit hepatitis to others through eating? Can the hepatitis B virus be removed from the body? What is the ultimate goal of chronic hepatitis B treatment? Who must be treated with antiviral therapy and who does not need it for the time being? Should HBV-infected patients with normal or mildly elevated transaminases be treated with antiviral therapy? What kind of antiviral therapy should be chosen? What should I pay attention to when choosing antiviral therapy drugs? What is the duration of treatment with nucleoside analogues and can they be discontinued and on what basis? What should be done after drug resistance occurs? Is combination antiviral therapy necessary and how is it chosen? How can HBV-infected women who wish to have children interrupt HBV infection in the fetus and infant? Is hepatoprotective and antifibrotic treatment more important than antiviral treatment? And so on. 3.How can we find an easy life? Selecting the right scientific and individualized treatment plan is undoubtedly the foundation and guarantee. In short, it is to take the right first step and take every step well. The so-called “right first step” is the development and selection of the initial treatment plan should be based on their own disease characteristics of a comprehensive assessment …… (here about how to choose the initial treatment plan, in determining the first treatment plan to consider what elements?) First, it is important to establish a good trusting relationship between the patient and the doctor when choosing a treatment plan. Some patients, often, change doctors constantly for treatment. This is understandable, but the treatment plan may vary from doctor to doctor, which can lead to confusion and ultimately confusion. Next, there is the evaluation of the disease, which is comprehensive and dynamic. It includes whether the patient has vertical transmission; the duration, degree and frequency of episodes of symptoms such as weakness and loss of appetite; whether there are signs such as hepatosplenomegaly, swelling of the lower extremities, jaundice, etc.; what are the levels of glutamate transaminase and bilirubin in blood tests and whether they are repeatedly elevated; what is the serum two-to-one half, whether HBV DNA is positive, and many other indicators. Only through comprehensive evaluation can a reasonable treatment plan be formulated and a decision made on whether antiviral therapy is needed. For example, if a patient has normal liver function and no uncomfortable symptoms such as fatigue or loss of appetite despite having positive immune markers for hepatitis B and positive HBV DNA, there is no need for treatment. But regular follow-up is very necessary. Antiviral therapy must be started immediately if there are recurrent symptoms of malaise, major triplet, HBV DNA ≥ 105 copies/ml, and glutamate ≥ 2 × ULN; if ALT < 2 × ULN, liver puncture should be performed, and if liver histology shows Knodell HAI ≥ 4, or ≥ G2 inflammatory necrosis, antiviral therapy should also be administered. Finally, the determination of the treatment regimen is the result of a joint discussion between the patient and the physician and should be based on the physician's recommendation and should not be self-directed.