Purulent pleurisy is referred to as abscess chest; acute abscess chest, is an acute infection of the pleura that causes pus to accumulate in the pleural cavity. Etiology: pneumonia causes the most cases. Intrapulmonary infections such as lung abscess, bronchial dilatation, etc. can also complicate abscess chest, and a few are caused by the spread of infections in neighboring organs or tissues. Clinical manifestations: sudden onset of shortness of breath, high fever, rapid pulse, cough, chest pain, general weakness, and even shock. Most of them appear suddenly after the improvement of pneumonia and then the above symptoms. Septic chest secondary to measles or sepsis has heavy toxic symptoms and many complications. Children with septic chest also tend to have malnutrition and anemia. Diagnosis: X-ray examination shows dense shadow caused by pleural effusion, and CT examination is more visual and convincing and most commonly used. The diagnosis can be confirmed by aspiration of pus from thoracentesis, and the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test can guide the selection of antibiotics. Treatment: Early control of infection and drainage of pus by thoracentesis or closed drainage to promote lung expansion and restore function. Also strengthen nutritional support therapy. If the lung is still not dilated after 4-6 weeks of treatment, pleural fibrous plate debridement is required, with intraoperative exploration of the lung tissue and lobectomy if necessary.