Thalassemia is a public health problem of high concern, with about 7.9 million children born with birth defects worldwide each year, of which 5 common diseases account for 25% of the 7,000 birth defects, and the incidence of thalassemia is in third place. Thalassemia can be divided into α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia. Children with severe α-thalassemia cannot survive severe edema, children with severe β-thalassemia need comprehensive treatment through iron removal, splenectomy and long-term blood transfusion after birth, and children with severe β-thalassemia do not have a cure yet, so their life expectancy and survival quality are not high. Thalassemia is an autosomal recessive disorder, so what is the probability of inheritance of thalassemia? There is a 50% chance that the offspring of a carrier of thalassemia minor will become carriers of thalassemia minor if they are married to a normal person. The chance of having a child with thalassemia is 1 in 4 when a couple with thalassemia at rest is married to a person with thalassemia at rest. If the couple are carriers of the same type of thalassemia gene, there is a 1/4 chance that the fetus will be normal, 1/2 chance that it will be a carrier, and 1/4 chance that it will be a thalassemia major, whereas if both couples carry different types of thalassemia gene, or if only one of them carries the gene, the child born will not have thalassemia. Therefore, it is important for both partners to pay attention to thalassemia carriers. If both husband and wife are carriers of thalassemia, it is possible that a child with thalassemia major will be born. In southern China, especially in Guangdong and Guangxi, the carrier rate of thalassemia is very high. In Guangdong, for example, about 1 in 10 people are carriers of the thalassemia defect gene, and 1 in 250 families are at risk of being born with thalassemia major; in Guangxi, the risk is even higher, with 1 in 4 people being carriers of the thalassemia defect gene, and 1 in 55 families being at risk of being born with thalassemia major. In view of the lack of a cure for this disease and the poor prognosis of clinical moderate and heavy, doctors should make medical recommendations in marriage to couples with positive family history or patients for premarital examination and prenatal genetic diagnosis of the fetus to avoid the occurrence of the next generation of affected children, so how to cope with thalassemia, that is, genetic counseling is needed for the following families: 1. couples with a history of having children with moderate and heavy thalassemia; 2 Couples who are carriers of the same type of thalassemia; 3. Couples who are carriers of αβ combined type of thalassemia; 4. Couples who are carriers of αβ combined type and one of the types of thalassemia. For the general population, who do not yet know whether they are carriers of thalassemia, necessary and systematic hematological screening and genetic counseling are the primary measures to monitor the pregnancy and childbirth of homozygous couples with thalassemia and to eliminate children with thalassemia major.