The main causes of craniocerebral injury in young people are car accidents, violence and sports injuries; while in the elderly, the main cause is falls. Severe craniocerebral injury often results in cerebral ischemia due to hypotension, hypercapnia, and intracranial hypertension, which produces the eventual secondary brain injury. Poor prognosis is usually associated with lower GCS scores after resuscitation, old age, pupillary abnormalities, pre-treatment hypoxemia or hypotension, traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, and inability to reduce intracranial pressure. The severity of craniocerebral injury is usually evaluated using the GCS score, and approximately 1/4 of patients with a GCS score less than 8 will have a better prognosis, 1/3 die, and 1/5 are severely disabled or in a vegetative state. Currently, there is no high-quality evidence to support that patients with moderate to severe craniosynostosis would benefit from any measures to reduce cerebral edema. Nevertheless, most clinicians continue to implement a wide variety of treatment combinations. Evidence for treatment options to reduce intracranial hypertension remains lacking. Intracranial hypertension is a complication of severe craniocerebral injury and is a harbinger of severe disability. Decompression of the bone plate may be beneficial in improving intracranial pressure. However, the evidence for debridement decompression in improving patient prognosis is inconclusive. Hypertonic saline does not appear to be more effective than saline in reducing mortality or improving disability in patients with moderate to severe craniocerebral injury. Hypertonic saline and mannitol may be equivalent in patients with mild to moderate craniosynostosis, but the evidence is limited!