With the aging process of society, the incidence of osteoporosis is on the rise and is expected to increase to 221 million by 2050, with 200 million osteoporosis patients worldwide and 90 million in China, when more than half of the world’s osteoporotic fractures will occur in Asia. Osteoporosis, together with myocardial infarction and stroke, has become one of the three major diseases that endanger national health and affect the national economy. As people age, osteoporosis can seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly. 1/2 of women and 1/5 of men over the age of 50 will have an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime, and once a patient has experienced their first osteoporotic fracture, the risk of secondary fractures is significantly higher. Fractures in the elderly can trigger or aggravate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, leading to a variety of complications such as lung infections and decubitus ulcers, and even life-threatening, with a morbidity and mortality rate of up to 10-20. The danger of osteoporosis also lies in the fact that most people have no obvious symptoms, while with age, bone calcium is constantly lost, and once symptoms appear, bone calcium loss is already obvious and short-term treatment is difficult to come up with. Therefore, raising the awareness of osteoporosis in the whole society and treating osteoporosis in a timely manner in clinical practice are effective ways to reduce the public burden and improve the quality of life. The clinical manifestations of osteoporosis are: 1. pain: more than half of the patients have pain, mainly multiple and systemic, the most common is low back pain, followed by pain in the shoulder and back, neck or wrist and ankle, the patient is not easy to say what causes the pain, and the symptoms are sometimes light and heavy; 2. bone deformation: hunching and shortening; 3. fracture: fractures of the spine, wrist and hip are common. Among the vertebral fractures, they are often compression and wedge fractures, which flatten and deform the whole vertebrae, and this is one of the reasons for the short stature of the elderly. The common causes of osteoporosis are: 1, estrogen deficiency: osteoporosis is particularly common in postmenopausal women, and premature ovarian failure then osteoporosis occurs earlier. 2, genetic factors: most often seen in Caucasians, yellow people second, black people least. 3, nutritional factors: calcium deficiency, protein and vitamin C deficiency, and calcitonin reduction. 4, disuse factors: the elderly are less active, muscle strength is weakened, mechanical stimulation is reduced, and bone mass is reduced. Therefore, exercise is an important measure to prevent bone loss. 5, other factors: alcoholism, smoking, excessive coffee and caffeine intake can affect blood calcium absorption or accelerate the excretion of calcium in the body. Diabetic patients with osteoporosis significantly higher than non-diabetic patients, in addition to the above reasons also because: 1, diabetic patients strict control of diet, do not pay attention to calcium supplementation, low blood calcium levels, aggravating the osteoporosis. 2, insulin deficiency, so that protein breakdown increases and synthesis is inhibited. Reduced protein can lead to a reduction in bone matrix, so that calcium and phosphorus can not be deposited in the bone matrix, and cause osteoporosis. 3, diabetic patients combined with kidney disease, vitamin D in the kidney radical bracket is blocked, can not be converted into active vitamin D, resulting in reduced calcium absorption in the small intestine, the kidney excretion of calcium, phosphorus increased, reduced bone calcium deposition. 4, diabetes, from the urine, a large amount of glucose excretion at the same time, calcium is also excreted from the urine, more excretion than non-diabetic patients, so diabetic patients are more prone to osteoporosis than non-diabetic patients. Therefore, osteoporosis, especially diabetes combined with osteoporosis, should attract sufficient attention, but its treatment is a systematic and comprehensive process, never one or two drugs can solve. We need a comprehensive “three-dimensional” program. The first is lifestyle, the most we can apply is diet and exercise. The next step is to use medication. Medications include: calcium, vitamin D, bone resorption inhibitors (diphosphonates, sex hormones, selective estrogen receptor modulators and calcitonin), bone formation promoters (parathyroid hormone and fluoride) and uncouplers (strontium salts). There are many osteoporosis medications, and patients must use them properly under the guidance of their physician in order to achieve increased efficacy and reduced side effects. When choosing different medications, patients need to pay attention to the following points: 1. Vitamin D class. Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium in the intestine. Vitamin D supplementation is necessary for those with little sunlight and vitamin D deficiency for a long time, but the proper dose should be mastered, otherwise it may cause vitamin D toxicity. 2. Calcitonin. This class of drugs can relieve pain, inhibit bone resorption and reduce bone loss. But calcitonin alone, without comprehensive treatment, not only high cost, but also often do not achieve the desired effect. 3, bisphosphonates: they have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal, can not be taken at the same time with other drugs. 4.Estrogen: Estrogen supplementation must be done under the guidance of a doctor, otherwise it may increase the risk of uterine cancer and breast cancer in women. 5.Androgens: Effective for elderly male patients with osteoporosis, but attention must be paid to the monitoring of the prostate gland during use. 6, parathyroid hormone (PTH): This drug can strengthen the role of osteoblasts in dissolving bone calcium and osteoclasts in absorbing bone matrix, while promoting the formation of osteoblasts and the role of mineralized bone, so that the old bone can be constantly replaced by new bone. The drug is not yet used in China, and if used improperly, will aggravate osteoporosis. 7, certain drugs. The elderly often have a variety of diseases, sometimes need to take a variety of drugs, medication should avoid long-term use of diuretics, tetracycline, isoniazid, anticancer drugs, prednisone and other drugs that affect bone metabolism.