Anatomical hepatectomy is a new concept and surgical approach that distinguishes it from previous regular or irregular hepatectomies. There is no universally recognized definition, but the main idea is to block the hepatic blood vessels, especially the portal vein, in the corresponding liver segment before hepatic resection. As more and more experiments have confirmed that the portal vein is the most important metastatic route for both primary liver cancer and metastatic cancer. The freeing of the liver and the squeezing of the tumor during surgery will cause the tumor to metastasize along the portal vein pathway, thus resulting in postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Only by dealing with the blood vessels first can the occurrence of metastasis be reduced. In fact, metastasis can occur when the tumor is small, but the metastasis is often confined to the liver segment where it is located. Therefore, resection of the liver segment where the tumor is located can effectively prevent recurrence. This is where the concept of anatomic hepatectomy comes in. Although the need to treat the blood vessels first increases the difficulty and time of surgery, it reduces bleeding and maximizes the protection of liver function, so the patient recovers more quickly after surgery.