Patient’s complaints and treatment expectations: Patient, Chen X, male, 28 years old, married and infertile. Treatment expectation: The patient is married and infertile, wants a limited course of treatment without long-term medication, and wants to have children. Basic patient profile and baseline characteristics: Gender, age, economic situation, etc. Male, 28 years old. Diagnosis, medical history, laboratory findings, and other baseline characteristics: Diagnosis: HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Time of first finding of disease: HBsAg and HBeAg positive with normal ALT at age 10, not diagnosed and treated. History: Previous antiviral treatment: ALT was found to be elevated at age 24, 60-100 U/L, HBV-DNA positive, ALT decreased to normal after 3 months on lamivudine, HBV-DNA turned negative, discontinued at 1 year. Six months later, ALT fluctuated at 100-200U/L, HBV-DNA turned positive, and was treated with Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine for liver protection and enzyme reduction. Status at the time of consultation: Came to the clinic in 2009, checked ALT 198IU/mL, HBV-DNA 7 of 10, HBsAg and HBeAg positive, liver tissue biopsy G2S2. Treated with pegylated interferon for 24 weeks since January 2009. Stopped medication and rebounded after discontinuation. In January 2010 ALT fluctuated around 200U/L and HBV-DNA turned positive 7.86e6. Treatment regimen: One year treatment with pegylated interferon a-2a (Pyroxin) 180ug started in January 2010. After stopping the drug, HBVDNA was <1000copies/ml, HBeAg turned negative and HBeAb turned positive, and the efficacy of the treatment was maintained even after stopping the drug and following up till now, real lasting immune control was achieved. Expert treatment and experience: Interferon treatment response is related to the duration of treatment, and for patients who have responded, the length of maintenance treatment is related to the rate of sustained response. Preliminary findings suggest that an appropriate extension of the treatment course may increase the response rate. For patients who have already responded to treatment, an appropriate extension of consolidation therapy may help to increase the rate of sustained response and reduce the chance of relapse; for partial responders, an extended course of therapy may help to increase the rate of HBeAg serological conversion. The NEPTUNE study showed that patients treated with piroxin 180ug for 48 weeks had significantly better efficacy than patients treated with piroxin for 24 weeks, and patients with ALT fluctuations around 200 U/L and HBV-DNA at 7.86e6copies/ml were superior patients for interferon therapy, and this group of patients could obtain better efficacy with interferon therapy. Our patient Chen X received pegylated interferon alpha-2a for 48 weeks, HBV DNA <1000copies/ml, HBeAg turned negative and HBeAb turned positive, and the efficacy was maintained even after discontinuing the follow-up, realizing the real lasting immune control. The patient's hope was achieved i.e. limited course of treatment, no need for long-term medication and the desire to have children.