In our daily life, many people may have experienced that their gums bleed in the morning when they brush their teeth or eat fruit. Some people do not pay attention to this phenomenon, some people think it is “fire”, some people think it may be a vitamin deficiency. It is not known that bleeding gums are a signal that your gums are inflamed and must be treated in a hospital immediately. Normal and healthy gums are pink and tough and do not bleed even when brushed hard. If we do not pay attention to the proper brushing method and do not clean the tooth surface thoroughly, then plaque will accumulate on the tooth surface. The main component of plaque is bacteria, which produce many harmful metabolites, all of which can cause damage to the gum tissue and inflammation of the gum tissue. Plaque is soft and can be removed by means such as brushing. If plaque is not removed in time, over time, mineral salts in saliva will precipitate and calcify the plaque to form tartar. Tartar is hard and cannot be removed by brushing. Tartar also contains bacterial toxins that irritate the gums. At the same time, tartar has a rough surface that can absorb new plaque adhesions, and the inflammation becomes more and more severe as the weeks go by. At this point, the gums lose their original color and shape, become flabby, and bleed when touched. The extent of gingivitis is relatively limited, affecting only the superficial soft tissues around the teeth, while the deeper periodontal membrane and the alveolar bone around the roots of the teeth are not affected. However, if gingivitis is not treated promptly or thoroughly, some of it will progress to periodontitis. In this case, not only is there chronic inflammation of the gums present, but the periodontal membrane and alveolar bone are also damaged. There is the formation of periodontal pockets, pus flow, and loosening of teeth. The disease has entered the deep periodontal tissues, and the damage it causes is devastating and irreversible. So, how to treat gingivitis and periodontitis? First of all, if you have bleeding gums, you should immediately go to a specialized hospital or clinic and ask your doctor to identify whether it is gingivitis due to local uncleanliness of the mouth or gum bleeding due to some systemic factors. After the diagnosis is made and systemic diseases are excluded, oral cleaning should be performed, i.e. supragingival scaling (scaling), using instruments to remove the plaque and tartar deposited on the tooth surface and polish the tooth surface. In addition, it can be combined with the use of some rinses and topical rubbing medications to restore the health of the already diseased tissues by deciding the treatment plan and the course of treatment for each individual according to the degree of the disease. In addition, careful daily brushing is the key to prevent gingivitis and periodontitis and to consolidate the treatment effect. Because there are tens of millions of bacteria in our mouths, the amount of saliva increases when we speak and eat, which has a self-cleaning effect on the tooth surface, and at night when we sleep, the mouth is still and its environment is more suitable for the reproduction of bacteria. Therefore, it is important to brush your teeth twice a day, and it is especially important at night before going to bed. Good oral hygiene habits will benefit you for the rest of your life. In addition, you should visit the hospital every six months to a year for a dental cleaning to remove tartar in a timely manner. For patients with periodontitis, it is even more important to pay attention to supragingival scaling every 2 to 3 months after periodontal systemic treatment to control plaque, which will consolidate the effect of treatment and reduce the recurrence of the disease.