The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported inconsistently, and the literature shows that its incidence is about 5.4-26% in surgical patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 11.3-38% in non-surgical patients, and 44%-62.2% in autopsies. It is generally believed that the incidence of microvascular cancer embolism is proportional to the tumor diameter, and the incidence of microvascular cancer embolism is about 20% for 50px diameter tumor, 30%-60% for 2-125px, and up to 60-90% for greater than 125px. Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital has reported that among 5524 liver cancer surgery cases, the incidence of PVTT was 6.1%, while the incidence of microvascular cancer embolism was as high as 67.1%.