Acute hypoadrenocorticism

  Acute hyperaldosteronism, also known as Addision’s crisis, is often caused by acute adrenocortical hemorrhage and necrosis caused by infection; total bilateral resection of the adrenal glands or more than 90% subtotal resection; chronic hyperaldosteronism in various stressful conditions; interruption of long-term glucocorticoid therapy, pituitary -The adrenal cortex has been heavily inhibited and atrophied, and the sudden discontinuation or too rapid reduction of the drug is caused.  (1) Prodromal symptoms include irritability, agitation, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, crampy abdominal pain, etc. Fever or hyperthermia, cyanosis of lips and fingers, severe water loss may appear as skin loosening, sunken eyes, dry tongue, extreme weakness, decreased blood pressure, accelerated respiration and other signs of peripheral circulatory failure. In the early stage of blood pressure drop, even though the blood pressure has been very low, the patient remains conscious and alert, after that, the blood pressure may drop to zero, and may appear coma or rigor mortis, convulsions and other syndromes, subcutaneous, submucous membrane can be seen extensive bleeding, petechiae and petechiae, toxemia is obvious, and often accompanied by diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) (2) in the adrenal artery and vein thrombosis, there can be sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, similar to (3) Two syndromes can occur after adrenalectomy; ① Glucocorticoid deficiency type usually appears 1-2 days after discontinuation of supplemental corticosteroid therapy, with anorexia, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, mental depression, fatigue and drowsiness, muscle rigidity, decreased blood pressure, and increased body temperature; ② Salt corticosteroid deficiency type  Often after 5-6 days of anorexia, vomiting and other symptoms, fatigue and weakness, weakness of limbs, muscle cramps, blood pressure, weight, blood sodium and blood volume decrease.  Laboratory tests: 1) Decreased blood glucose; 2) Decreased blood sodium, but rarely below 120 mml/1, increased blood potassium, rarely more than 7 mmol/1; 3) Moderate ketosis, plasma CO2 of 15-20 mEq/L; 4) Increased plasma BUN; 5) Peripheral blood eosinophil count >50/mm3 (should exclude combined parasites and anaphylaxis 6, early pharyngeal, blood, urine, sputum bacterial culture, and spinal fluid examination in the presence of neurological symptoms.  Corticosteroid treatment: Rapidly administer soluble hydrocortisone, such as 100-200mg of hydrocortisone succinate (dissolved in 500-1000ml of glucose saline), within the first 1-2 hours, for the first 5-6 hours. The total amount of cortisol should be more than 500-600mg. The second and third day adrenocorticotropic hormone can be reduced and changed to intramuscular corticosteroid injection, 25-50mg every 6-12 hours, and then changed to oral prednisone and gradually transitioned to the patient’s required maintenance amount, generally need more than 1-2 weeks.  2, rehydration: the total amount of water must depend on the degree of water loss, vomiting and other conditions, generally the first day must be rehydrated 2500-3000ml or more, the second day and then depending on blood pressure, urine volume and other adjustments to the dose.  3.Anti-shock: If the blood pressure is below 10.6kpa (180mmg) with shock symptoms, vasoactive drugs should be given if the circulatory failure cannot be corrected by rehydration and hormone treatment.  4, anti-infection: choose effective antibiotics 5, symptomatic treatment: including the administration of oxygen, careful use of sedatives, etc., should not be given morphine and barbiturates.  6.Anti-DIC treatment: Heparin treatment should be used early after the diagnosis is clear.