Leukoaraiosis is a more common inflammatory disease among young people, also known as Silk Road disease because of its high incidence in East Asia, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean region. The main pathological feature of leukoaraiosis is vasculitis, which is manifested in signs and symptoms such as oral ulcers, genital ulcers, erythema nodosum of the skin, and ophthalmia. In addition, leukoaraiosis can also involve internal organs, such as neurological leukoaraiosis, intestinal leukoaraiosis, etc. At present, the cause of leukoaraiosis is unknown, so it is impossible to achieve perfect primary prevention like coronary heart disease, but if we can do a good job of secondary and tertiary prevention, it is still beneficial to control the symptoms of leukoaraiosis and slow down the progress of the disease. Combined with the experience of doctors and the characteristics of leukoaraiosis, we suggest patients to do the following: (1) work and rest on time, quit bad habits, and participate in outdoor activities appropriately to enhance the body resistance. (2) Maintain a relaxed mood, timely detoxification of bad emotions, a good psychological state helps the normal functioning of the immune system. (3) Pay attention to personal hygiene, keep the skin and perineum clean, and try to choose cotton underwear when choosing clothes to avoid damage to the skin. (4) Avoid eating irritating foods and control oropharyngeal infections. (5) Repeated mouth ulcers, especially when accompanied by genital ulcers or ophthalmia or skin lesions, should be treated promptly and intervene as early as possible. (6) Patients with active tuberculosis should be completely cured of tuberculosis For patients with leukoplakia in the active stage, there is also a relatively mature treatment program. The aim of treatment is to control existing symptoms, prevent and control important organ damage, and slow down disease progression. Treatment varies according to the presence or absence of significant organ involvement: (1) For patients without systemic involvement and with mild symptoms, symptomatic support therapy is the mainstay. Oral ulcers can be treated with topical glucocorticoid creams and ice borax, while genital ulcers need to be cleaned with 1:5000 potassium permanganate followed by antibiotic ointment and ophthalmia can be treated with prednisone eye drops. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, thalidomide, etc. can be added, which are effective for mouth ulcers, genital ulcers, skin lesions and arthritis symptoms. (2) For patients with organ involvement, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants should be added as appropriate. Severe patients such as severe ophthalmia, central nervous system lesions, and severe vasculitis can be treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone shock (1000mg/d) for 3-5 days, and immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine A can be added. Patients with leukoaraiosis with intestinal perforation and aneurysm can be considered for surgery if necessary. In addition, biologic agents and tretinoin can also be used for leukoaraiosis treatment. Among them, biologic TNF-α antagonists can be used for skin lesions, ophthalmia, arthritis, intestinal leukoaraiosis, neuroleukoaraiosis, etc., but it is easy to relapse when the drug is stopped. Leuconostoc is effective for oral ulcers, subcutaneous nodules, arthritis, and ophthalmia, while it is less effective for intestinal symptoms.