Hyperuricemia is the basis for the development of gout, and the precipitation and deposition of urate crystals is the key to the development of gout. According to the different causes of gout, gout is currently divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary gout is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors and has a certain degree of family heritability. Except for a very few cases caused by congenital purine metabolism enzyme defects, the rest are mostly related to high purine diet and often co-exist with obesity, hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. Secondary gout is mainly caused by kidney diseases that lead to reduced uric acid excretion, certain drugs that inhibit uric acid excretion, and myeloproliferative diseases that lead to increased uric acid production due to radiotherapy. At present, with the improvement of material living standard, high purine diet has become one of the main causes of gout. Drinking alcohol, seafood, animal offal, beef and lamb, and sweet drinks are the main types of high purine diet. This is because only 20% of uric acid in the body comes from external high purine dietary intake, while 80% is produced by endogenous purine metabolism. Gout is not just an “eating out” disease, endogenous purine metabolism abnormalities also have an important role in the development of gout. Therefore, for patients with gout, they need to go to the rheumatology department to improve various examinations with the assistance of doctors to clarify the specific causes of gout before targeted treatment.