Only after a clear diagnosis is made will a treatment plan be chosen to suit the patient’s physical condition. Before treatment, it is important to go to a regular hospital for a thyroid function test to make a clear diagnosis. The treatment of thyroid nodules depends on the patient’s condition. For benign thyroid nodules, observation and follow-up, medication and surgery can be used to remove the nodules. For malignant tumors, surgical removal is preferred. For rare malignant thyroid nodule masses that can easily lead to other complications, treatment requires associated radiation therapy. Thyroid nodule medication The main treatment is thyroid hormone suppression, which is ineffective for short-term treatment and should be given for at least six months. Premenopausal women and men can be treated with larger doses of suppressive therapy for more than one year. Generally, after surgery for thyroid nodules, thyroid hormone secretion is insufficient and thyroid stimulating hormone secretion increases to stimulate thyroid hyperplasia, so after surgery the doctor will tell the patient to take eugenol to suppress TSH secretion to prevent hyperplasia of nodular goiter. However, it is important to listen to the doctor’s advice, not to overdose, and to go to the hospital in time for a review after eating for a little while, if the situation is normal, you can reduce the dosage according to the doctor’s advice. In postmenopausal women, attention should be paid to the adverse effects of thyroid hormones on bone metabolism. If the nodules do not change or shrink, it is not necessary to use thyroid hormone suppression therapy only for follow-up; if the nodules increase after follow-up, suppression therapy should be carried out again, and generally the initial dose should be small to suppress TSH in a range below normal but measurable. After one year of treatment, the drug is discontinued for observation. If the nodules increase in size after discontinuation, thyroid hormone therapy is repeated to suppress TSH at the low end of normal and can be taken for a long time. Those with unchanged or shrinking nodules are followed only periodically. Those with enlarged nodules during suppressive therapy are evaluated by direct surgery or re-puncture. Sclerotherapy This method can be used for benign nodules with a confirmed diagnosis, especially if they are autonomous functional thyroid nodules or adenomas, or parathyroid adenomas. 1-4 ml of anhydrous ethanol is injected into the center of the nodule under ultrasound guidance, and the injection can be repeated until the nodule disappears. Radiation therapy Autonomous functional/highly functional thyroid nodules or adenomas are treated by this method because of their function of concentrating iodine. Surgical excision Autonomous hyperfunctional thyroid adenomas can also be surgically excised and should be properly prepared before surgery to prevent hyperthyroid crisis. Other benign nodules may also be treated with elective surgery if the patient has major concerns or cannot be followed up regularly. Cystic thyroid lesions are mostly benign lesions and can be treated conservatively, usually by simple puncture and aspiration 1-2 times a month. If repeated aspiration is ineffective, tetracycline hydrochloride or anhydrous ethanol can be used for sclerotherapy. If there are cancer cells or suspected cancer cells in the cystic fluid, or if the puncture of the remaining nodules suggests malignancy, surgery should be performed. If not treated, the local cells will easily become malignant over time and endanger their own lives, and the malignant rate of thyroid tumors is high. Surgical defects 1, surgical excision is not complete, residual thyroid tissue and tiny nodules will rapidly proliferate after surgery, and postoperative thyroxine preparations of inhibitory treatment has limited effect on residual lesions, so the recurrence rate after surgery is high. 2, thyroid nodule surgery in order to avoid damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it is often dissected, which may cause edema of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or affect its blood supply, so that the patient may have more difficulty in speaking after surgery. 3.Some blood vessels must be cut during thyroid nodule surgery, resulting in the blood supply to the parathyroid glands being affected, resulting in numbness in the hands and feet. 4. Surgery for thyroid nodules requires extensive separation of the skin flaps above and below the incision, which can easily cause edema in the tissues surrounding the incision. Especially for middle-aged and elderly women, the skin is loose and there is more fatty tissue, so the incision is easily edematous and the incision will be swollen and hard after surgery. 5. Swallowing after thyroid surgery may cause a pulling sensation or even coughing, which is related to the normal scar contraction reaction after thyroid nodule surgery. This is because, although there is only a line like scar on the neck after thyroid nodule surgery, the actual surgical wound is much larger than this scar, and this wound needs the same normal scar reaction as the incision on the neck to recover. The scar reaction process constricts and pulls on the trachea near the trauma, causing a pulling sensation when swallowing and even irritating the trachea to trigger a cough.