Typology: 1, distal renal tubular acidosis (type I) (PRTA I); 2, proximal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA, type II); 3, mixed renal tubular acidosis (type III); 4, hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis (type IV). Common complications include: electrolyte disorders, renal calculi, renal bone disease (including osteochondrosis, fibrous osteitis, etc.), rickets, secondary hyperparathyroidism, acute or chronic renal insufficiency, renal anemia, nephrogenic uremia, developmental disorders, malnutrition, etc. Autosomal dominant inheritance is the main cause, followed by autosomal recessive inheritance, both due to mutations in SCL4A1, and autosomal recessive inheritance with early-onset deafness and late-onset deafness, due to mutations in ATP6V1B1 and ATP6V0A4, respectively.