Many people tend to count any discomfort as hepatitis B because they don’t know what the symptoms are. Some people complain a lot but the doctor examines them normally, while others are too careless and don’t see a doctor until they have ascites or gastrointestinal bleeding, delaying the time of diagnosis and treatment. Knowing the common signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, you can understand the severity and changes of your condition. You can also reduce some unnecessary psychological burden. In medicine, the abnormalities felt by the patient are called symptoms, such as nausea and pain in the liver area; those visible and palpable to the doctor are called signs, such as liver enlargement and ascites. Symptoms and signs are collectively called clinical manifestations. As with many diseases, the clinical manifestations of hepatitis B vary widely. Depending on the clinical manifestations, infection with the hepatitis B virus is often divided into the following types: 1. Hepatitis B virus carriers: If there are no symptoms and signs. If the liver function is normal, only the surface antigen is positive, whether it is “big three” or “small three”, and regardless of Hl{v DNA positive or negative, are called hepatitis B virus carriers. It accounts for the majority of people with hepatitis B infection. It is worth noting that some people are asymptomatic and even have normal liver function, but have chronic inflammation of the liver that can eventually develop into cirrhosis if left untreated, and these people are not really carriers. Therefore, if there is no evidence of liver histological examination, long-term and dynamic observation should be performed to make an accurate diagnosis. 2.Acute hepatitis B: the course of the disease within six months is called acute hepatitis B. It generally starts more rapidly, with mild and severe symptoms, and most people’s surface antigen disappears mostly within six months, and a few can become chronic hepatitis B. 3, chronic hepatitis B: the course of the disease more than six months called chronic hepatitis B, there can be mild and severe symptoms, delayed, recurrent. If there is no history of hepatitis B and no recent laboratory results, the first onset is sometimes difficult to determine whether it is acute hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis B. I4 Heavy hepatitis B: the disease develops rapidly, the symptoms are very severe, and can be life-threatening if not actively resuscitated. In addition to hepatitis B virus carriers, all other types of hepatitis B have symptoms and signs of varying severity, which, in summary, include the following: 1. Systemic symptoms: Patients with hepatitis B often feel physically weak, easily fatigued, and unable to fight, which may be due to impaired liver function, reduced feeding, food digestion and mockery disorders, and insufficient nutrient intake. On the other hand, due to inflammation, consumption increases, and substances that have been ingested cannot be metabolized sufficiently to meet the needs of the organism because of impaired liver function. The third aspect may be the mental and psychological stress caused by hepatitis B, which affects rest and sleep, insomnia and dreaminess may be related to this. 2. Digestive symptoms: The liver is an important digestive organ, and the bile secreted by the liver is necessary for food digestion. In hepatitis, bile secretion is reduced, which affects the digestion and absorption of food. Inflammation of the liver may also cause blood flow disorders in the liver sinusoids, resulting in congestion and edema in the gastrointestinal tract, which affects the digestion and absorption of food. As a result, hepatitis B often presents with loss of appetite, nausea, aversion to oil, upper abdominal discomfort, and abdominal distention. 3, jaundice: the liver is the center of bilirubin metabolism, when the disease is more serious, the concentration of bilirubin in the blood increases due to the uptake, binding, secretion and excretion of bilirubin soles and other obstacles. When the bilirubin concentration in the blood increases, bilirubin is excreted from the urine, making the urine darker. It is the earliest manifestation of jaundice. However, sweating and insufficient water intake in the heat and some medications can also cause a change in the color of the urine, so attention should be paid to the difference. When the concentration of bilirubin in the blood continues to increase. It can cause jaundice of the eyes and skin. Due to the obstruction of bile acid excretion, the concentration of bile acid in the blood increases and excessive bile acid is deposited on the skin. Stimulate the peripheral nerves, causing itching of the skin. 4. Pain in the liver area: The liver lacks nociceptive nerves inside, and hepatitis B usually has no severe pain. However, there is a very thin membrane on the surface of the liver, called hepatic pericardium, and there are nociceptive nerves distributed on the hepatic pericardium. When the liver is inflamed and enlarged, the hepatic pericardium is tense and the nociceptive nerves are stimulated, so some patients may have discomfort and vague pain in the right upper abdomen and right quarter rib area. If black pain is severe, also pay attention to the possibility of biliary tract disease, liver cancer, gastrointestinal disease to avoid misdiagnosis. 5, liver and spleen enlargement: due to inflammation, congestion, edema, bile accumulation, hepatitis B often has an enlarged liver. If the chronic inflammatory period does not heal, recurrent attacks. Fibrous connective tissue in the liver proliferates and the liver becomes hard in texture. In late stages, the liver may shrink due to massive hepatocyte destruction and contraction of fibrous tissue. In the early stage of acute hepatitis or chronic hepatitis, the spleen is mostly not obviously enlarged, but later it can be due to the proliferation of splenic reticuloendothelial system, and portal hypertension. The spleen is stagnant, causing splenomegaly. Persistent progressive splenomegaly suggests cirrhosis. 6, extrahepatic manifestations: many patients with chronic hepatitis, especially cirrhosis, have a dark and dull complexion, called the face of liver disease, which may be due to endocrine disorders, skin pigmentation. Or due to persistent or repeated jaundice, biliverdin in the skin deposition. The palms of the hands are significantly congested with blood between the large and small fissures called hepatic palms. A cluster of radially dilated capillaries on the skin is called a spider nevus, with a diameter of a few millimeters to several centimeters, which recedes when pressed, and is commonly found on the face, neck, forehead and back of the hands. Occasionally, spider nevi can be distributed throughout the body. Men may have erectile dysfunction, symmetrical or asymmetrical breast enlargement, swelling and pain, and may even be misdiagnosed as breast cancer and undergo mastectomy; women may have menstrual disorders, amenorrhea, and loss of libido. These may be related to decreased liver function and decreased estrogen inactivation. The increase of estrogen in the body is related. The severity of symptoms in patients with hepatitis B is related to the severity of the disease, but not exactly parallel, due to the fact that the sensitivity of each person’s senses varies greatly. On the other hand, symptoms are influenced by mental factors in addition to somatic factors. If you are not sure, it is better to see an experienced doctor to avoid delaying treatment.