Thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer are frequent and common diseases of the endocrine system. The prevalence of thyroid nodules obtained by palpation is 3-7%, and the prevalence of thyroid nodules obtained by high-resolution ultrasound is 20-76%. The prevalence of thyroid cancer in thyroid nodules is 5-15%. The incidence of thyroid cancer in China has shown an increasing trend in recent years, and the rate of surgery for non-essential thyroid nodules has increased significantly. Definition of thyroid nodule A thyroid nodule is a scattered lesion caused by abnormal local growth of thyroid cells. A “nodule” that is palpable but not confirmed on ultrasound cannot be diagnosed as a thyroid nodule. Nodules that are not palpable on physical examination but are found incidentally on imaging are called “accidental thyroid nodules”. Evaluation of thyroid nodules 5-15% of thyroid nodules are malignant, i.e. thyroid cancer. The clinical management of benign and malignant thyroid nodules varies significantly in terms of the impact on patient quality of life and the medical costs involved. Therefore, the key point in the evaluation of thyroid nodules is the differentiation between benign and malignant. Surgical treatment of thyroid nodules. Early surgical eradication of malignant patients is sought. Minimize the rate of surgery in benign patients. Improving the cancer index in large hospitals in Shanxi. Emphasize the standardization and thoroughness of surgery. Radical cure without blindly expanding the scope of surgery.