He came to the pediatric surgery clinic with his grandmother. It turned out that after catching a cold last week, he had a peanut-sized lump on the right side of his neck, which was round and not painful. After detailed consultation and examination by the pediatric surgeon, he concluded that the right neck lymph node was hyperplastic. The grandmother wondered why her precious grandson had this problem and what to do. Here we will solve these problems together. Pediatric cervical lymph node enlargement is a very common disease in outpatient clinics, and the causes are generally: 1. Infections: acute and chronic infections such as: bacteria, viruses, parasites, atypical pathogens, etc. 2, tumor: lymphoma, leukemia, myeloma, tumor metastasis, etc. 3, reactive hyperplasia: necroproliferative lymphadenopathy; serum sickness and serum sickness-like reaction; allergic subsepticemia; systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatism, etc. 4. Histiocyte proliferation and metabolic abnormalities: histiocytosis; lipid deposition disease, etc. Most of the swollen lymph nodes in the neck of children are caused by infections, generally single, with good mobility, clear borders, tenderness in the acute stage, and good prognosis, but attention should be paid when there are: swollen and painful red lymph nodes in the neck of children indicate obvious local inflammation, often spreading rapidly, and the disease can cause abscesses and sepsis with the spread of germs, which should be promptly treated in hospital. If the lymph nodes of children are touched, attention should also be paid to their size, texture, mobility and whether they are accompanied by other symptoms. If the lumps in the neck are hard in texture, more in number, or connected into a block and cannot be pushed, especially if they are located on the clavicle, in the posterior triangle of the neck, or accompanied by low fever and poor growth, the possibility of tumors and other diseases should be highly suspected. Before it is clear, cold compress, hot compress or puncture should not be carried out at will, and too much touching should be avoided, and a specialist should be consulted in hospital in time.