Superficial lymph node enlargement is one of the common problems in general surgery clinics. Incidental findings of subcutaneous swellings behind the ear, next to the neck, or in the occipital area often cause anxiety to parents. Lymph nodes are important immune organs in the body, serving as an immune barrier against bacterial or viral infections. An enlarged lymph node means that the number of lymphocytes in the lymph node has increased and the body is mobilizing these “defenders” to become more active and produce more antibodies to fight against invading bacteria or viruses and other pathogens. Often we can find foci of infection/damage near swollen lymph nodes. For example, pharyngitis, oral infections often cause swollen lymph nodes around the neck, and trauma to the arm and arm, infections often cause swollen lymph nodes in the ipsilateral armpit. In the case of systemic viral infections, multiple superficial lymph nodes may be enlarged. In general, infancy and early childhood (around 2-3 years of age) is an important transitional period for the body to adapt to the complex external environment. As it has to deal with various viral and bacterial invasions, the lymphatic system tends to be more active and enlargement of lymph nodes is more common. These lymph nodes are usually about 0.5-1 cm in size, relatively soft and non-tender. They are relatively isolated, and even if 2-3 are sometimes felt, they do not fuse together. As mentioned above, the majority of swollen lymph nodes are self-limiting and do not require treatment. After the acute phase of the infection, there will be a slightly slow remission process, so follow-up observation is necessary. Parents do not need to rush to the doctor, but observation is sufficient. Occasionally, specific bacterial infections such as staphylococcal and streptococcal infections may result in marked swelling of the lymph nodes, pain, and redness of the epidermis with fever. This may require appropriate antibiotic treatment. In contrast, if the child is of school age, there is no obvious focus of infection, and a physical examination reveals painless, hard, large, and multiple lymph nodes fused together, further laboratory testing is needed to rule out malignant or granulomatous disease. In the few clinical reports available, lymph node enlargement due to malignancy accounts for only about 1.1% of all children with superficial lymph node enlargement. Because of its characteristic presentation, it is not necessary for most parents to be overly nervous.