Cervical cancer, also known as cervical cancer, is a malignant tumor that occurs at the junction of squamous epithelial cells in the vaginal part of the cervix or migratory zone and columnar epithelial cells in the lining of the cervical canal. The mortality rate of cervical cancer in China accounts for the fourth place of total cancer mortality and the second place of female cancer. The incidence of cervical cancer is on the rise year by year, why does this happen? It is mainly due to the lack of early prevention and treatment. How to detect and prevent cervical cancer early? There are many early symptoms of cervical cancer, which may pose a great threat to our health if we do not pay attention to them. Early symptoms of cervical cancer 1. Contact bleeding It may be the only early sign. It refers to a very small amount of vaginal bleeding after conjugal life, gynecological examination and constipated patients forceful defecation. Since this symptom can also be seen in cervical erosion and cervical polyps, it is easy to be ignored. 2. Irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause It is seen in menopausal women and is not accompanied by any painful sensation when bleeding, so it is not easy to attract the patient’s attention. 3. Increased vaginal discharge commonly known as leukorrhea. It can occur before or after the sign of contact bleeding. In the past, the leucorrhea of cervical cancer patients is as colorful as water leaking from a grass house and has a strong fishy smell, but in fact, that kind of leucorrhea is already a sign of advanced cervical cancer. But in fact, that kind of leucorrhea is a sign of advanced cervical cancer, while the leucorrhea of early stage cervical cancer usually does not have these characteristics. When patients discover the above early signs by themselves, they should take the initiative to go to the hospital for examination by obstetrician and gynecologist or oncologist and have cervical smear (scraping) examination. This method is simple and easy to use, and the accuracy of diagnosis is also higher. However, patients should pay attention to prohibit sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the examination and avoid vaginal examination, irrigation and drug application. Cervical screening is the main tool for early detection of cervical cancer. Cervical smear (scraping) cytological examination with iodine test and colposcopy can be used. Generally, married women over 25 years old should be examined once every three to five years, and those with high risk should be examined once a year. For cases with suspicious cancer cells in cytology, cervical biopsies should be taken for pathological examination. How can early detection and prevention of cervical cancer be achieved? Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs from the cervical epithelium and glandular epithelium. Squamous cell carcinoma (squamous carcinoma) is the main type of cervical cancer that occurs from the epithelium, while adenocarcinoma occurs from the glandular epithelium. Ninety-five percent of cervical cancers are squamous, and almost all of them occur in married women with many children. Adenocarcinoma is found in 5% of cervical cancers, and in unmarried women it is often adenocarcinoma. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy, accounting for more than half of the malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its mortality rate is the first among women’s malignant tumors. The age of onset of cervical cancer varies from place to place, generally 35-55 years old for in situ cervical cancer and 40-70 years old for infiltrative cancer. Statistics show that the age of onset is larger in China, and there is a trend of delaying the onset. The etiology of cervical cancer in rural areas is more than in cities, and in mountainous areas is higher than in plains. Studies and researches in recent decades believe that the development of cervical cancer is related to early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births, close births, multiple marriages, premature or frequent disorderly conjugal life, circumcision of husband, disorder of estrogen secretion or abnormal metabolism, infection by certain viruses such as herpes simplex type 2 virus and human papilloma virus, chronic cervicitis, cervicitis and certain sexually transmitted diseases. Celiac disease and certain sexually transmitted diseases are related. In addition, it is also related to the patient’s low immune function and bad mental factors. If cervical cancer can be detected, diagnosed and treated early, its cure rate is relatively high. However, not all early cervical cancers have detectable signs and symptoms. In particular, many cases of in situ cancer are detected during screening. However, there are some cases with the following early manifestations which should be paid special attention.