Frostbite, a common winter disease
I. Overview
Frostbite is a limited erythematous inflammatory disease that occurs in the terminal area after the body is attacked by cold.
Etiology
1. Internal causes: poor peripheral circulation.
2.External causes: cold stimulation.
3.Causal factors.
(1) Humid air.
(2) sweaty hands and feet.
(3) Tight shoes and socks.
(4) outdoor work.
(5) lack of exercise.
(6) malnutrition.
(7) anemia.
(8) chronic wasting diseases.
III. Clinical manifestations
1. Preferred sites: extremities and exposed areas, such as hands, feet, cheeks, ears, nose.
2, lesions: red or purplish-red rash, local puffiness, easy to blister, blistering after the formation of vesicles or ulcers. After healing, pigmentation and atrophic scars can be left behind.
3.Self-perceived symptoms: itching, especially after heat. If secondary infection occurs, there may be pain.
4.Prognosis: good. However, it often recurs in the same area in the coming years.
4. Prevention and precautions
1. Strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness and cold resistance. Especially hand and foot exercises, 3 times a day, 20 minutes each time.
2, strengthen the cold environment of adaptive exercise, from the summer, daily soak the hands and feet in cold water, once in the morning and once in the evening, the bubble time is gradually extended, from a few minutes to more than half an hour, and can add ice to gradually reduce the temperature of the water, it is appropriate to persist, so that the hands and feet to the cold adaptive capacity gradually increased.
3, strengthen the extremities and exposed parts of the warmth, and pay attention to keep dry.
4, eat more high-calorie and high vitamin food.
5.It is not advisable to heat or bake with fire immediately after being frozen.
6.Avoid applying ointment indiscriminately.
Common diseases in autumn and winter – cold erythema multiforme
I. Overview
1. The pathogenesis of cold erythema multiforme is roughly the same as that of frostbite. The cautions are also basically the same. Therefore, some people call cold erythema multiforme “erythema multiforme type frostbite”.
2.The difference between cold erythema multiforme and frostbite:
(1) The former generally occurs in environments with large temperature differences. The latter occurs in a cold and humid environment where the temperature is below 10℃.
(2) The skin lesions are different. The former lesions are often typical erythema-like erythema, like target-like structure, without vesicles or ulcers. The latter is a red or purplish rash, no obvious target-like structure, severe cases often appear vesicles or ulcers.
3. People often mistake “cold erythema multiforme” for frostbite.