With the development and popularization of modern medicine, TCM clinics are no longer faced with disease names that are vague and general in concept, but with disease groups that are clearly diagnosed by modern medicine and have certain pathological changes that can be traced. How to recognize the pathological and physiological changes found in the physical and chemical examination of modern medicine, and how to take advantage of the macroscopic and holistic deduction and inductive thinking to identify and treat modern medical diseases, has become an inevitable practical problem for TCM practitioners. Whether Chinese medicine or Western medicine, the goal is the human body, the purpose is to prevent and treat diseases, the name of the disease treated is not important, the key is how the effect of the disease treated, which is the true reflection of the vitality of a medical discipline. The concept of “treatment by identification” in Chinese medicine is not a recent concept. It is generally believed that it originated in the “Inner Path” and was founded in the “Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases”, such as the “Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases”, which emphasizes the treatment of disease and pulse, takes a certain disease as the title, focuses on the development of the disease itself and the law of transmission, and establishes the corresponding treatment and prescriptions, and also has special prescriptions and medicines for the treatment of identified diseases, such as fox confusion and lily disease. Due to the limitations of historical conditions, this inherent method of identifying and treating diseases in Chinese medicine has not only failed to develop as it should with the development of history, but has been overshadowed by the ever-emerging identification and treatment. It was only after the Ming and Qing dynasties that this idea of disease identification was again taken seriously by certain medical practitioners, for example, Xu Lingtai of the Qing dynasty said in his “Complete Collection of Medical Books. In the preface to the Lantai Orbit, Xu Lingtai of the Qing Dynasty said, “To treat a disease, one must first know the name of the disease, and after knowing the name of the disease and seeking its origin, and knowing its origin, one should identify the causes of its birth are different, and the symptoms of the disease are different, and then consider the method of its treatment, a disease must have the main formula, a disease must have the main medicine.” This means that each disease has its own basic causes, pathogenesis, laws of change, main treatment methods and drugs. For example, the treatment of sores is characterized by the importance of local pathological changes and changes in signs, and the tongue, pulse and systemic symptoms are used as references for prescriptions and medications, i.e., the local color of the sore, whether it is suppurating or not, and whether it is swollen or collapsed. If the sore was red, swollen, and painful, it was treated with prescriptions for clearing heat and removing toxins, activating blood circulation, and resolving blood stasis; if the color was dark and the sore was collapsed, it was treated with methods for warming the Yang and penetrating the toxins or benefiting the Qi and penetrating the toxins. Due to the influence of the level of science at that time, internal diseases could only be derived from the external symptoms reflected by the disease, and the “evidence” was obtained with a certain degree of subjectivity, experience and ambiguity. The treatment corresponding to the “evidence” is very flexible and lacks the necessary standardization. In today’s highly developed science, people are able to observe the activity state and pathophysiological changes of the organs of the body through physical and chemical examinations, so whether it is the identification of evidence or disease in Chinese medicine, it is impossible to avoid the recognition of “disease” obtained by using various advanced diagnostic methods. Modern medical diseases are mostly diagnosed by “pathophysiological” changes that distinguish them from other diseases, and they have their own unique pathological evolution process and development rules. For example, the basic pathological changes of angina pectoris in coronary artery disease are atherosclerotic stenosis, spasm and microthrombosis, and the prominent symptoms are pressure pain, colic and stuffiness in the precordial area; in acute viral hepatitis, the basic pathological changes are hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, accompanied by leukocyte and histiocyte infiltration, and the general clinical manifestations are acute onset, fever, nausea, aversion to oil, abdominal distension, mild to moderate enlargement of the liver and spleen, and positive virus The clinical manifestations are generally acute onset, fever, nausea, anorexia, abdominal distension, mild to moderate enlargement of the liver and spleen, and positive antigen and antibody. These characteristics should be reflected in the treatment of TCM, which should also be different from other diseases. How to apply TCM theory to recognize the commonalities reflected in a certain developmental stage of modern medical diseases is the key to TCM diagnosis and treatment of modern medical diseases. In 1995, I had the honor to edit the book “Chinese medicine internal medicine diagnosis and treatment” together with other Chinese medicine doctors in China, and proposed the idea of staging and treating modern medical diseases in Chinese medicine, that is, to grasp the commonalities reflected by a disease at different stages of development, to understand its basic etiology and pathogenesis under the guidance of Chinese medicine theory, and to dispatch prescriptions and use medicine for this basic pathogenesis. For example, during the attack period of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, the basic pathogenesis is the blockage of heart veins and stagnation of Qi and blood, so the pain attack period should be based on aromatic warming and blood circulation, so that the Qi can flow smoothly and the pain can be stopped; in acute abdominal disease, the basic pathogenesis is the blockage of internal organs and Qi and blood stagnation and heat, so around this pathogenesis, the method of diarrhea and circulation of internal organs, clearing heat and detoxification, and regulating Qi and activating blood is used. Many clinical observations have shown that it has good curative effect. In the treatment of modern medical diseases, Chinese medicine should focus on the pathological changes of the disease itself and the evolution of the disease, which can make up for the shortcomings of single diagnosis and treatment. The latent period, early stage or asymptomatic period of some diseases may not have any discomfort, so it is difficult to treat them in Chinese medicine because there is no evidence to identify, but abnormalities can be found through physical and chemical examination, and can be treated by identifying the disease. For example, in chronic hepatitis, in the stationary stage of the disease, there may be no clinical symptoms, but the physical and chemical examination can find abnormal liver function, and treatment by dredging the liver and strengthening the spleen, activating the blood and detoxifying the toxin can promote the recovery of liver function, and even achieve the purpose of cure; in ureteral stone stagnant hydronephrosis, X-ray or ultrasound examination can find the accumulation of stones and water, and the use of warming the Yang and invigorating the blood, draining the stones and facilitating the water method can mostly obtain the effect of eliminating stones and water; In patients with chronic nephritis, asthma and chronic bronchitis, when they do not show symptoms of kidney yang deficiency in the early stage, physical and chemical examinations can reveal dysfunction of adrenal glands, thyroid gland, gonads and other multi-target glands, which are mild or potential kidney yang deficiency through microscopic identification, and treatment with kidney warming and yang tonifying prescriptions can prevent their seasonal attacks and improve their endocrine and immune functions. These will not make early diagnosis and treatment of the disease if they are not based on the method of disease identification. The treatment of modern medical diseases by Chinese medicine should not stay at the level of Western medicine diagnosis, Chinese medicine identification and typing treatment or special prescriptions and medicine treatment for specific diseases, although this kind of identification is formally a diagnosis and treatment, but not in the true sense of Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment. Chinese medicine should absorb the modern advanced physical and chemical inspection methods to extend and broaden its diagnostic horizon. Under the guidance of TCM theory, analyze and recognize the new contents observed, reveal the inner laws that run through the disease, and explore the inherent etiology and pathogenesis of the disease and the law of transmission and transformation. It can be mainly manifested as the following aspects: ① Using its own theoretical system, it recognizes the basic pathophysiological changes in the process of disease occurrence and development, and summarizes its own treatment laws on this basis. For example, in cerebral thrombosis, thrombosis and increased blood viscosity can be classified as “blood stasis” in Chinese medicine, regardless of whether the diagnosis belongs to hyperactivity of liver yang or deficiency of qi and blood stasis, the use of blood-stasis activating drugs is an important method to obtain curative effect; in cerebral hemorrhage, the blood away from the meridian is stasis of blood, thus breaking through the previous framework of disabling blood-stasis activating drugs in cerebral hemorrhage, early For example, in aplastic anemia, since the lesion is in the bone marrow and hematopoietic stem cells, TCM practitioners use kidney tonics as the main treatment according to the theory that the kidney is responsible for bone and marrow production, and the efficacy is improved. For example, in acute viral hepatitis, according to its rapid onset and easy transmission, TCM believes that the virus belongs to “epidemic toxin” and “filthy toxin”, because the disease is located in the liver. The relationship between kidney deficiency and hypothalamic-adrenal axis, the relationship between liver depression and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, and so on, can be understood from Bo to Y. It helps to recognize the changes of yin and yang in the process of disease development. Disease identification focuses on the understanding of the whole process of disease pathological changes, which emphasizes the laws of intrinsic physiopathological changes of disease; while evidence identification focuses on the overall understanding of the state of disease at a certain stage, which focuses on the functional state of each diseased organism and the differences in its environment. However, these factors can often conceal the inherent pathological changes of the disease, and sometimes the symptoms of the disease can be reduced or disappear after treatment, but the disease is not necessarily cured. For example, in viral hepatitis, although abdominal distension, nausea, and nasal dullness are reduced or disappear after identification and treatment, liver cell degeneration and necrosis and liver function abnormalities can persist. To understand the etiology of diseases, TCM often adopts the method of “examining the symptoms and seeking the causes”. Because its etiology is mostly set to explain the pathogenesis, so it is difficult to say that the real objective cause, such as viral colds, Chinese medicine is mostly from feeling wind-cold, wind-heat, damp-heat or epidemic poison and so on to explain its etiology. Therefore, its etiological treatment lacks relevance. Under the guidance of the principle of evidence-based treatment, the treatment of Chinese medicine includes “different treatment for the same disease” and “different treatment for different diseases”, which is a more perfect method in terms of the development of evidence-based treatment. Although this method of understanding disease and evidence comprehensively weighs the condition of the body at a certain stage of illness, it is, after all, a “temporary” state of understanding. A disease has an internal law of disease, disease in its development process, due to the influence of various factors, can appear a variety of different evidence, but these different evidence is always subject to the basic pathological process of disease and the evolution of the law of disease constraints and influence. Clinically, there is a great difference in the treatment of the “same evidence” between different diseases. For example, if the headache is the same as the headache disturbed by liver yang, vascular neuralgic headache should be treated by softening the liver and pacifying the liver, quenching the wind and clearing heat; cerebral hemorrhage is more often treated by clearing phlegm from the internal organs and pacifying the liver, activating blood circulation and removing stasis. In the case of gastroparesis with internal stagnation of yin and cold, stomach cramps should be treated by warming the middle and dispersing cold, relieving urgency and pain; in the case of angina pectoris with coronary heart disease, warming the yang and opening the veins, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. From the above, we can see that the treatment of diseases is always inseparable from the basic contradictions inherent in the diseases themselves. If we are only satisfied with the diagnosis and treatment and the temporary improvement of clinical symptoms at a certain stage, TCM clinics will not be able to absorb the modern scientific and technological methods. The clinical efficacy of TCM cannot be improved if it is always confined to a macroscopic and holistic understanding, and the development of TCM therapeutics will be seriously affected. Macroscopic, holistic and flexible diagnosis and treatment are the characteristics of TCM clinical practice, which shows certain advantages in functional diseases and some chronic diseases, but also reveals a certain degree of limitations. For example, tumors, gastritis, gastric polyps, stomach cramps, myocardial infarction of coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, pancreatitis, cholecystitis can all show symptoms of gastroparesis, and the same evidence of TCM may appear at a certain stage or period of these diseases, so if we only treat gastroparesis according to TCM evidence-based treatment, “if there is evidence, use the right medicine”, it obviously lacks It is obvious that there is a lack of true correctness. When patients with stomach cancer or coronary heart disease are not treated correctly and in time, their condition will be delayed. For example, hypertension, menopause syndrome, hyperthyroidism and other diseases can be manifested as hyperactive liver yang at a certain stage, but each has its own characteristics, such as hypertension is easy to turn wind into fire, menopause syndrome is based on kidney deficiency, and hyperthyroidism is mostly phlegm and gas. The syndrome is based on kidney deficiency, and hyperthyroidism is characterized by phlegm and qi. Therefore, the so-called “different evidence of the same disease” is “different” on the basis of “same”, and “different disease with the same evidence” is also on the basis of “different”. “The clinical practice should not only “treat the same disease differently” or “treat different diseases together”, but also The clinical practice should not only “treat the same disease differently” or “treat different diseases together”, but also “treat different diseases differently” by grasping the development and evolution of each disease. In conclusion, in the process of identifying diseases in TCM and treating modern medical diseases, identifying diseases and identifying evidence are two essential methods of identifying disease location, disease nature and disease location. The two are interrelated and complementary to each other. The identification of disease helps the identification of evidence to grasp the disease location, disease potential and developmental changes from a holistic and macroscopic perspective, while the identification of evidence provides the method and guidance to analyze and understand the pathology and physiological evolution of disease. In this sense, disease identification is a development on the basis of evidence identification in TCM. Clinical evidence is the main axis to summarize the rules of disease identification and treatment, and to find the characteristics of the disease at each stage of its development and the corresponding treatment methods, which has a positive role in improving the clinical efficacy of TCM and promoting the development of TCM therapeutics.