March and April are the peak months for medical checkups every year. With the improvement of people’s living standard, more and more people have been detected with abnormal uric acid during medical checkups. What is the cause of high uric acid? Many people do not have any symptoms, so should they be treated? Uric acid is a metabolic waste product that has no physiological function. 2/3 of uric acid in the body is excreted in the urine, while the remaining 1/3 is excreted in the intestine or broken down by bacteria in the intestine. Excessive uric acid production and/or reduced uric acid excretion can lead to hyperuricemia and, in some cases, gout. I. Two methods of testing uric acid 1. The determination of blood uric acid (mostly used) to draw venous blood to determine uric acid. The normal value of blood uric acid is 0.15~0.38mmol/L (mmol/L) for men and 0.1~0.3mmol/L for women, and the test value for women is close to that of men after menopause. A blood uric acid value higher than 0.42 mmol/L is considered hyperuricemia. Since blood uric acid is affected by many factors and is volatile, it should be measured repeatedly. 2.Measurement of uric acid (rarely used) After 5 days of low purine diet, 24-hour urine is taken for testing. Urinary uric acid is more than 3.6 mmol, which is the type of excessive production of uric acid, only a minority; less than 3.6 mmol is the type of reduced uric acid excretion. Through uric acid measurement, we can initially determine the type of hyperuricemia, which can help in the selection of uric acid-lowering drugs and identify the nature of urinary tract stones. Many people with abnormal blood uric acid like to eat food containing more purine and have the habit of alcohol abuse. Therefore, the first and foremost dietary control is to prohibit high purine diet and alcohol. Avoiding high purine diet, banning high purine food, limiting purine food and reducing exogenous nuclear protein to reduce blood uric acid level and increase uric acid excretion. According to the number of milligrams of purine per 100 grams of food, the commonly used foods are roughly divided into four categories. 1. High purine: animal offal, sardines, anchovies, thick chicken soup, broth, beer, etc., which contain more than 100 mg of purine per 100 grams, are purine-rich foods. 2.More purines: most fish, shellfish, meat and poultry, purines per 100 grams of food between 50-100 mg, belong to the food containing more purines. 3.More purines: mackerel, salmon, cattle, lamb, chicken, shrimp, crab, asparagus, cauliflower, string beans, beans, spinach, mushrooms, peanuts and other vegetables contain 25-50 mg of purines per 100 grams of food, which are more purine-containing foods. 4, low purine category: milk, eggs, rice and pasta products and most vegetables, containing less than 25 mg of purine per 100 grams of food, belong to the food containing little or no purine. The reason for this is that long-term heavy drinking can lead to increased blood uric acid and increased blood lactic acid, stimulating the increase of purines. In addition, when drinking alcohol often eat high purine food, wine can accelerate the metabolism of purine, resulting in an increase in blood uric acid levels in the body and triggering acute attacks of gouty arthritis. In addition to dietary control, you should drink more water (except for those with renal insufficiency) to facilitate the excretion of uric acid. Obese patients must reduce the intake of calories and reduce body weight. Should choose more fresh vegetables, fruits and other alkaline food, especially high potassium, low sodium alkaline vegetables, both diuretic effect, and can promote uric acid salt dissolution and excretion. In general, it is believed that asymptomatic people with blood uric acid concentration below 0.416~0.476mmol/L do not need medication, and diet control is sufficient. If the blood uric acid concentration is still above 0.416~0.476mmol/L after dietary control, if there are more than 2 acute attacks per year, if there are gout stones or urate deposits, and if there are kidney stones or kidney function impairment, blood uric acid-lowering drugs should be used. Blood uric acid-lowering drugs include two types of drugs: promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting uric acid synthesis, the former commonly used drugs such as carbenzene sulfonamide (propoxur), benzosulfone, benzbromarone (Ligurian), etc.; the latter commonly used drugs are allopurinol. The choice of drugs for long-term control is often based on the patient’s kidney function and 24-hour uric acid excretion. If the daily uric acid excretion is less than 600 mg and the kidney function is good, uric acid excretion drugs are available; if the kidney function is reduced and the daily uric acid excretion is higher than 600 mg, uric acid synthesis inhibitors should be used; if the blood uric acid increases significantly and gout stones are deposited in large quantities, the two drugs can also be used together to speed up the decrease of blood uric acid and gout stone remission. The use of blood uric acid-lowering drugs during acute attacks may induce metastatic gout attacks, so they should not be used during the acute phase. In acute attacks, colchicine is preferred (at present, it is more often used in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in small doses, which has clear efficacy and fewer adverse reactions); also available are pau taison, hydroxy pau taison and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as anti-inflammatory pain, etc.). If the disease is serious and colchicine and other treatments are not effective, prednisone can be considered. However, although prednisone has a rapid effect, it is easy to relapse after stopping the drug, and long-term use is prone to diabetes, hypertension and other complications, so try not to use it.