What is spontaneous pneumothorax? Wang Xiaoping, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Chest Hospital Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common disease in thoracic surgery. Normally, there is no gas in the pleural cavity, only a small amount of lubricating fluid, and in the absence of clear (such as trauma, invasive operation, etc.), if there is gas in the pleural cavity, it is called spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous pneumothorax mostly occurs in young people with underlying lung pathology, such as patients with large pulmonary alveoli. The conventional treatment for pneumothorax is puncture and suction and closed drainage of the chest cavity, but it is prone to recurrence. The traditional surgery is open-heart surgery, which is a typical “big incision and small surgery”. Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery is the standard surgical procedure for most pneumothorax treatments, which only requires 1-2 “keyholes” in the hidden position of the lateral chest to complete the removal of large alveoli and repair of lung rupture, followed by pleural fixation to eliminate the recurrence of pneumothorax. The indications for surgery for pulmonary alveolar disease are recurrence within two years, and also include those who have the first attack of pneumothorax but are one of the following: (1) persistent pulmonary air leakage, (2) bilateral simultaneous or sequential attacks of spontaneous pneumothorax; (3) patients of special types of work, patients in areas lacking basic medical care; for athletes and university and high school students, the indications for surgery can be appropriately prevented; (4) spontaneous (5) spontaneous tension pneumothorax; (6) CT examination with large pulmonary alveoli.