HPV, human papillomavirus, is a group of DNA viruses that are widely found in nature. HPV infection in humans is very common and the infection rate is high. The association between HPV infection and cervical cancer was first proposed in the 1970s, and since then many epidemiological and molecular studies have unquestionably confirmed the etiological link between HPV and cervical cancer. hpv was identified as the cause of cervical cancer by WHO in 1995. Several prospective studies have shown that 15% to 28% of women with positive HPV infection progress to cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions within 2 years, with a higher risk of HPV types 16 and 18 infection in particular. The occurrence and progression of cervical cancer is a process from quantitative to qualitative and from gradual to abrupt changes. It used to be thought that it took 10-20 years for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions to develop into invasive cancer, but now this process has been gradually shortened.