Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have long shown unique effects in the treatment of various diseases. However, since the 1990s, the issue of nephrotoxicity of herbal medicines has begun to attract widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. The misconception that herbal medicines are non-toxic and the unregulated use of herbal medicines in China have become potential threats to patient safety. Mouton, which contains aristolochic acid, is a commonly used herbal medicine for the treatment of urinary and circulatory system diseases. It can be combined with other herbal medicines to form a compound decoction, and can also be made into a compound Chinese patent medicine (such as Gentian Diarrhea Liver Pill, Fenqing Stopping Gonorrhea Pill, Stone Drainage Granules, Deafness Pill, etc.), which is widely used in treatment. Mucuna pruriens can cause interstitial renal tubular damage. In the study, it was found that the kidney damage caused by mucuna pruriens has special clinicopathological characteristics, which are completely different from acute tubular necrosis caused by general drug poisoning or acute allergic nephritis caused by drugs. The clinical manifestations are also diverse, and once the lesion enters the chronic stage, the clinical features of the patient are mainly the various manifestations of chronic renal failure. The nephrotoxicity caused by mu-tong is mainly damage to renal tubular epithelial cells, unlike the general drug-induced tubular necrosis with the process of natural cell regeneration and repair, the lesion is characterized by severe tubular necrosis and shedding, but very few shedding cells are seen in the tubular lumen of the kidney, and rarely accompanied by interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. The characteristic change is the appearance of significant interstitial fibrosis at the early stage of chronic lesions, which may progress from focal or widespread tubular degeneration, cell necrosis, and disintegration to focal or diffuse tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis even after a period of discontinuation of mucommunication. Although the mechanism of tubular injury caused by mucocele and the development to interstitial fibrosis is not clear. However, studies suggest that renal tubular epithelial cells. It is the main victim of drug toxicity, and its lesion development may be a chronic process or the presence of drug cytotoxic accumulation, which causes continuous tubular damage and loss of regenerative repair capacity, making the renal damage irreversible. Experts pointed out that there is no reliable and effective treatment for tubulointerstitial nephropathy caused by mucopolysaccharide, so prevention of such diseases should be emphasized, and patients who have been using the drug should strengthen the monitoring of renal function, and should stop the drug as soon as possible when the disease is suspected, to avoid aggravating the various factors of renal function damage. Patients with kidney disease should also abandon the misconception that herbal medicines are non-toxic and use them sparingly and cautiously. Medical practitioners should pay attention to the nephrotoxicity of certain herbs or their components, remove their dross and take their essence, reasonably develop and use Chinese medicines, and improve the scientific and safety of their use.