Overview of thyroid nodules: A thyroid nodule is a mass or masses of abnormal tissue structure in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are common, with a detection rate of 3-7% by palpation in the general population and up to 20-76% with the aid of high-resolution ultrasound. 5-15% of thyroid nodules are malignant, i.e., thyroid cancer. The main point in the evaluation of thyroid nodules is the differentiation between benign and malignant. The current standard procedure for the management of thyroid nodules is as follows: When a thyroid nodule is found, the first step is to improve the relevant history taking, physical examination, thyroid function measurement, and standard thyroid ultrasound. If the thyroid function suggests hyperthyroidism or subclinical hyperthyroidism, further thyroid scan will be performed to clarify the diagnosis and treat accordingly. If the thyroid function is normal or subclinical hypothyroidism status, nodules less than 1 cm can continue to be observed. For nodules larger than/equal to 1 cm or nodules smaller than 1 cm but clinically suggestive of high risk, fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland should be performed, followed up once every 6 months to a year if the aspiration pathology is suggestive of benign, and surgery should be performed for malignant/highly suspicious malignant or suspicious follicular-like tumors, and for some samples that cannot be clearly identified, certain molecular markers of thyroid cancer should be tested. The keys to this are thyroid ultrasound, puncture pathology and molecular diagnosis. On the one hand, ultrasound and thyroid puncture are performed by a specialist in endocrinology, which ensures the sensitivity and specificity of the test; on the other hand, Professor Song, a well-known expert in molecular diagnosis of thyroid diseases, can perform molecular marker testing for puncture samples that are not clear to the clinic, which maximizes the accuracy of the diagnosis. accuracy. Problems: 1. whether all people should be routinely screened for thyroid nodules 2. the problem of false positives and false negatives in ultrasound and puncture pathology 3. whether there are drugs that can eliminate or reduce the size of nodules 4. whether all nodules suggestive of malignancy require surgery The existence of the above problems has led to inconsistency in determining treatment options, but the general trend is toward conservatism. As a patient, one should understand that thyroid nodules are an understudied yet widely discovered morphologic change whose pathologic significance is not yet fully defined and requires first following the current optimal management process to determine the diagnosis and then participating in the choice of treatment options based on one’s own situation and physician recommendations. Clinicians also need to conduct numerous clinical studies for professional medical societies to develop more instructive guidelines and recommendations to distinguish between low and high risk, and panic can be reduced if the nomenclature of low risk tumors is changed to a more neutral terminology. In addition, the media needs to play its proper role.