Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. There are 350,000 new cases worldwide each year, one third of which are in China, and more than 400,000 people die from liver cancer each year. The traditional treatment methods for liver cancer mainly include surgery, interventional treatment and comprehensive treatment. The birth and development of liver transplantation technology has opened up a new way for the treatment of liver cancer. At present, liver transplantation has become one of the effective methods for treating liver cancer, bringing a second life to many liver cancer patients because it can not only completely remove the tumor but also treat the patient’s cirrhosis at the same time and significantly reduce the recurrence rate of liver cancer after surgery. However, not all liver cancer patients can undergo liver transplantation. A famous actor in China went to hospital for examination due to pain in the right lower abdomen and was diagnosed with liver cancer. After that, he battled with liver cancer for a whole year and had his liver replaced twice, but in the end, he could not overcome the disease. Why was he unable to save his life even after two liver transplants? After liver transplant, the patient’s own resistance (i.e. immunity) must be suppressed to the minimum with drugs to ensure the survival of the transplanted liver. If there are cancer cells left in the patient’s body after liver transplant, the residual cancer cells are bound to grow wildly and rapid recurrence is imminent when the body almost loses its resistance. Therefore, it is a consensus among scholars at home and abroad that advanced liver cancer patients should not undergo liver transplantation, and only early stage liver cancer can undergo liver transplantation. Who can receive liver transplantation Transplantation is generally indicated for end-stage benign liver disease, such as cirrhosis of hepatitis B, alcoholic or hepatitis C, and early stage liver cancer, and is not suitable for patients who already have advanced liver cancer, or who have other infections in combination. Patients with early-stage primary liver cancer may opt for hepatectomy, interventional therapy, or liver transplantation, depending on the situation. At present, it is considered that liver cancer combined with more than moderate cirrhosis or liver cancer that cannot be surgically removed (such as poor tumor growth location) should be treated by liver transplantation. Patients with liver cancer without combined cirrhosis or with only mild cirrhosis can undergo surgical resection. Contraindications and contraindications of liver transplantation First of all, metastatic liver cancer such as liver metastasis from colon cancer or liver metastasis from gastric cancer is an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation. This is because the metastasis of cancer from the primary lesion to the liver means that the cancer may have sown its roots all over the body, and even after surgery, it is difficult to escape the fate of cancer recurrence. Thus, distant metastasis of cancer is an absolute contraindication not only for liver transplantation, but also for all organ transplantation. In addition, severe cardiopulmonary disease, uncontrolled systemic infections and other organ failures are not eligible for liver transplantation. In addition, liver transplantation is absolutely contraindicated for people with uncontrollable infections (bacterial, fungal, viral), HIV infection, alcohol or drug dependence, irreversible brain tissue damage, extrahepatic malignancies, psychological disorders or mental illnesses that are difficult to control. If any of these conditions and habits are present, liver transplantation is not advisable and alternative treatment is necessary.