What physical examination should be done when male infertility patients visit the doctor? When male infertility patients visit the doctor, they should do a general and local examination, aiming at finding out the causes of infertility and timely treatment. The whole body examination includes the measurement of height, weight and blood pressure, as well as the observation of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as body shape, hair distribution (focusing on beard, armpit hair and pubic hair), the presence of breast feminization, and the presence of abnormal sense of smell. Examinations of various systems are also conducted, with attention paid to the detection of endocrine, circulatory, respiratory, digestive and nervous system abnormalities. Attention should be paid to any disease that may have an effect on fertility. Local examination is mainly for the reproductive organs. Usually the patient is upright or lying down, and the doctor checks whether there is any abnormality of the reproductive organs, including whether the scrotum is normal or not, the size, position and shape of the testicles, the epididymis and the vas deferens with or without nodules or defects, whether there is any varicocele, whether there is any spermatic vein, and whether there is any syringomyelia and so on. If necessary, anal diagnosis should be done to check the prostate and seminal vesicles. The penis should also be examined for deformities, encapsulation, hardness, and abnormalities of the urethral orifice, and so on. Through the above examination, some clues of the disease can be found so that further laboratory tests can be done.