Primary liver cancer (hereinafter referred to as liver cancer) in China accounts for about 55% of the world, more than 85% of them occur on the basis of viral hepatitis, especially viral hepatitis B. Moreover, most of them have developed into cirrhosis by the time of cancer, so the liver function of liver cancer patients is poor, which increases the risk of systematic treatment of liver cancer, and liver cancer used to be commonly known as the “king of cancers”. “Therefore, liver cancer patients have poor liver function, which increases the risk of systematic treatment of liver cancer. With the progress of science and medicine, the treatment methods for liver cancer are becoming more and more abundant and mature, but each treatment method has its own strict indications and contraindications and advantages and disadvantages, which makes it more difficult for clinicians to select the treatment methods scientifically and arrange their sequences, which is a difficult problem testing the comprehensive knowledge and business standard of attending physicians. In order to formulate a scientific and standardized comprehensive treatment plan, the attending physician needs to have a good grasp of various treatment methods. In the following, I will analyze the treatment methods of hepatocellular carcinoma one by one and provide some reasonable suggestions on the principles of hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, in order to be beneficial to you. Surgical resection The complete removal of tumor lesions to the largest extent is undoubtedly a more understandable and acceptable treatment method, and surgical resection is also the first treatment measure that should be considered in clinical practice. However, many patients do not have the time to undergo surgery, such as patients with poor physical condition to tolerate surgery, poor liver function, too much cirrhosis, too small liver volume, too many lesions occupying the left and right lobes of the liver, metastasis elsewhere or cholangiocarcinoma embolism, and so on. Moreover, even if surgery can be performed, because of the multicentric nature of liver cancer and the cancer cells that have entered the bloodstream, many patients who have undergone surgery will have recurrence or cancer in other locations, and it is difficult to repeat surgical resection due to the limitation of residual liver tissue. Therefore, surgery is not a perfect treatment. Liver transplantation is an ideal treatment, but some problems exist in liver transplantation, such as strict indications for liver transplantation, too few patients with indications, tight liver sources, rejection reaction after transplantation and the need for long-term expensive anti-rejection drugs, recontamination of the transplanted liver by hepatitis virus in the patient’s own blood, replantation and metastasis of cancer cells that have already entered the blood, etc. Therefore, liver transplantation is not as ideal as people think. Under the guidance of imaging equipment, a special catheter is inserted into the blood vessel supplying the tumor lesion through the femoral artery and injected with anti-cancer drugs, which have high local concentration and low systemic toxic side effects, and then injected with embolic agents to block the blood vessels supplying the tumor to “starve” the tumor cells. It is an internationally recognized treatment for liver cancer with reliable efficacy. However, it cannot be used for patients with multiple metastases, large amount of ascites, lesions occupying multiple lobes of the liver, venous cancer thrombosis, or poor liver function. Ablation therapy includes physical ablation and chemical ablation, such as radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation and anhydrous ethanol ablation, especially radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation are internationally recognized as effective treatments for liver cancer, which are radical treatments and can be repeated, with little impact on normal liver tissues and less demanding on liver function. However, it is difficult to completely ablate larger lesions and has higher risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in special locations, etc. V. Targeted therapy Certain targeted therapy drugs such as sorafenib are internationally recognized as effective treatment drugs, but their efficiency is still quite low, median overall survival is less than one year, and they are expensive and have toxic side effects such as diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome and hypertension. Systemic chemotherapy has been gradually recognized by the industry in recent years, and it can inhibit and kill cancer cells in the liver and blood, but its total efficiency is not satisfactory, and the toxic side effects of chemotherapy also make patients “afraid of talking about it”. Chinese medicine has been gradually recognized at home and abroad in recent years. Chinese medicine has clinical advantages such as less toxic side effects, low price, comprehensive conditioning and multi-targeting, but its effects are weaker, slower and less effective, but once the effects are obtained, they are often stable and lasting. When mentioning Chinese medicine, people often think of tonics, but in fact, Chinese medicine is not only limited to tonics, but also includes oral Chinese medicine (tablets, capsules, oral liquid), intravenous injections, and topical creams.