Renal tubular acidosis is usually not self-resolving and requires prompt treatment to relieve symptoms. Renal tubular acidosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (AG) due to renal acidification dysfunction caused by various etiological factors. Its clinical features are hyperchlorinated metabolic acidosis, water and electrolyte disorders, polyuria, polydipsia, renal rickets or osteochondritis dissecans, and renal stones. Renal tubular acidosis is categorized into distal renal tubular acidosis, proximal renal tubular acidosis, mixed renal tubular acidosis, and hyperkalemic renal tubular acidosis according to the site and mechanism. It is necessary to actively treat the primary disease, correct acidosis and electrolyte disorders, such as correcting hyperkalemia or hypokalemia, supplementing vitamin D, phosphate treatment for bone disease, preventing urinary tract stones, and so on. All of the above medications should be used under doctor’s guidance, avoid self-medication. Patients with renal tubular acidosis are advised to go to regular hospitals in time and receive standardized treatment under doctor’s guidance.