Thalassemia is a congenital disease and the survival time of patients is related to the typing. Thalassemia can be classified into various types such as α, β and γ according to the genotype, the more common types in clinical practice are α and β. Each type can be divided into mild, intermediate and heavy types according to the severity of the disease. The mild type generally does not affect life expectancy, some intermediate types may survive to adulthood after continuous active treatment, but they may die easily due to organ failure after adulthood, while thalassemia major may lead to premature death due to various conditions. 1, mild thalassemia: mainly manifested as chronic anemia, accompanied by liver, spleen enlargement and jaundice and other concomitant symptoms, but no obvious changes in physical appearance, pay attention to monitoring physical status and regular 2. Intermediate thalassemia: progressive anemia symptoms appear after birth, and growth and development abnormalities also appear, including bone deformation, enlargement, nose collapse, and protruding teeth, resulting in an obvious thalassemia-like appearance, which can generally survive until adulthood after adhering to blood transfusion treatment; 3. Because of the severe anemia, the immunity of the affected children is extremely low, and they are prone to die early due to repeated infections and heart muscle damage. For example, the fetuses with α-thalassemia are mostly aborted at 30-40 weeks of pregnancy, and the children with β-thalassemia start to develop about 3 months after birth, and most of them die within 5 years old due to constant anemia, infections and hemorrhage during the growth process. Thalassemia is a genetic defect resulting in the absence of the components of hemoglobin, which affects the synthesis of hemoglobin and causes the destruction of red blood cells, causing symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and enlargement of the bone marrow cavity. Parents of children with thalassemia should support and encourage their children to undergo blood transfusion therapy to deliver hemoglobin regularly and keep it in the normal value range. In addition, excess iron content in the blood should be removed to avoid toxic effects. As far as possible, the child should be given a normal life without restricting physical activity and personal freedom.