Typical case: A 5-year-old male with fatigue, nausea and vomiting that had been worsening for more than a year. History: Since the age of 4 years, the child had slow growth compared with children of the same age, and often had symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, with non-projectile vomiting, and the vomit was gastric contents; there was no change in visual field, and the child did not have symptoms of polydipsia. The local hospital considered malnutrition and gave nutritional support therapy, which was ineffective. Subsequently, the child’s symptoms continued to worsen, and on December 19, 2014, the child suddenly appeared to be unable to hold his head up and had slurred speech, so he was admitted to the local children’s hospital, where he underwent abdominal ultrasound, electrocardiogram, and other routine examinations, and was not diagnosed or treated. The patient’s family sought further treatment and brought the child to the local municipal people’s hospital, where the possibility of craniopharyngioma was considered after a cranial MRI, and the patient was given mannitol to lower the intracranial pressure and other treatments for 18 days, and the frequency of the patient’s vomiting was slightly reduced. After 18 days of treatment with mannitol to reduce intracranial pressure, the patient’s vomiting frequency was slightly reduced. Today, the patient came to Beijing to see me for further surgical treatment, and a cranial CT was performed, suggesting: 1. obstructive hydrocephalus and 2. craniopharyngioma. Admission examination: the external genitalia development was slightly smaller than that of children of the same age, and no other abnormal signs were seen. After the child was admitted to the hospital, relevant preoperative examinations were completed, and craniopharyngioma resection was performed under general anesthesia, during which the tumor was completely excised, and the operation went smoothly. After the operation, the electrolytes of the child were monitored and stabilized. After the operation, the child showed polyuria, and the full thyroid hormone and pituitary hormone levels were found to be low, which were treated with symptomatic drugs. On the 11th day after the operation, the child recovered well and his vital signs were stable. He was discharged from the hospital to continue his rehabilitation and his family was satisfied with his current condition.