Vulvovaginal leukoplakia has brought great trouble to many female patients, firstly, they are ashamed to consult the doctor and delay their condition, and secondly, they have repeated attacks due to unstandardized treatment. The disease brings great trouble to the work and life of the patients, seriously affects the quality of life of the patients, and even causes mental disorders in the patients. In order to allow female friends to understand the disease more thoroughly, a special interview with Professor Chang Jianmin, Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health. Prof. Chang has been devoted to researching vitiligo, various pigmented skin diseases and female vulvar skin diseases for many years, and has rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of female vulvar leukoplakia. Vulvar leukoplakia is really called “vulvar sclerosing moss”. What is vulvar leukoplakia and where does it come from? There has been a misunderstanding about this issue for a long time. Prof. Chang pointed out that the cause of vulvar leukoplakia has not yet been determined by the medical science, and it is generally believed that it may be related to the abnormality of local immune function of human body. The most accurate name for vulvar leukoplakia should be called “female vulvar sclerosing moss”, and it is inaccurate to categorize vulvar leukoplakia into hyperplasia, mixed type and sclerosing moss type, which will cause confusion in the diagnosis and treatment of vulvar leukoplakia. Vulvar leukoplakia is divided into early and late stages, the main symptoms of early stage are vulvar itching and erythema and edema, and after scratching and stimulation, the skin rash will be fused into patches of sclerotic moss. In the later stage, the color of vulvar skin will become white and thin, and vulvar skin atrophy will appear. With further development, the vaginal opening may contract and narrow, making sexual intercourse difficult. Vulvar leukoplakia can occur at any age in women, but the two peaks of incidence are pre-pubertal and post-menopausal. High misdiagnosis rate of vulvar leukoplakia Prof. Chang also mentioned that not all vulvar itching or whitening of vulvar skin is vulvar leukoplakia. Prof. Chang found that the diagnosis of vulvar leukoplakia was not clear in many hospitals, resulting in 2/3 of the patients who came from outside hospitals were misdiagnosed. The diagnosis of vulvar leukoplakia is mainly based on the clinical manifestations of the patient, including vulvar itching, localized pigment loss of the vulva and vulvar atrophy and other symptoms; followed by pathological diagnosis. Pathological changes of vulvar leukoplakia mainly include hyperkeratosis, atrophy of the acanthocyte layer, dermal edema and mossy infiltration of inflammatory cells in the middle of the dermis. Some patients have typical clinical features and can be diagnosed without pathologic examination. In some patients, the clinical features are atypical and pathology is needed to confirm or exclude the diagnosis. It is recommended that patients suspected of having vulvar leukoplakia should not blindly use medication before a clear diagnosis is made, and treatment is more targeted after a clear diagnosis is made. Vulvar leukoplakia is not contagious and the rate of malignancy is less than 5%. Many patients are worried about whether this disease is contagious and whether it will affect their fertility, but Prof. Chang gave a negative answer. Vulvar leukoplakia is an immune skin disease, so it is not contagious and does not cause damage to the reproductive system. It is not contagious and does not cause any damage to the reproductive system. However, because leukoplakia may cause dryness and cracking of the vulva, and later on, the vaginal opening may become contracted and narrowed, making sexual intercourse difficult, which is not good for fertility. It was once thought that vulvar leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion and should be surgically removed when found, but this concept is now incorrect. Although vulvar leukoplakia has a certain cancer rate, the probability is very low. According to European statistics, the cancer rate of vulvar leukoplakia is about 5%, and the rate in China may be even lower. Therefore, at present, unless the pathological examination finds that there is a tendency of malignant change, generally do not need surgery to remove. The course of treatment is long, must follow the doctor’s advice in order to reduce the recurrence of Professor Chang finally emphasized that the treatment of vulvar leukoplakia is not difficult, mainly external drugs, external glucocorticoid is the first line of therapeutic drugs. In addition, there are immunosuppressant drugs, such as tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus ointment, which can be used in combination with hormone ointment or applied alone. For the problem of easy recurrence reflected by many patients, Prof. Chang pointed out that the disease is easy to recur. However, if scientific treatment and rational use of medication, the chance of recurrence can be greatly reduced.