Hepatitis B risk factors
1. Hepatitis B is associated with liver disease, but not with the specific cause of liver disease:.
(1) Infection: chronic hepatitis B or C.
(2) Nutrition and toxicity: alcohol, obesity (non-alcoholic fatty liver), aflatoxins (co-factors of hepatitis B virus), tobacco.
(3) Genetic: tyrosine metabolism disorder, hemochromatosis (iron overload). However, whether iron overload is etiological or a result of dietary intake (due to cooking in iron pans) remains controversial.
(4) α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
(5) Immunity: chronic autoimmune active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis.
2, The main risk factors for HCC are.
(1) Chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection.
(2) Alcoholic cirrhosis.
(3) Non-alcoholic fatty liver.
(4) Diabetes mellitus (metabolic syndrome is a possible risk process).
(5) Cirrhosis of any etiology.
(6) In Europe, North America and Japan, HCC occurs mainly in patients with diagnosed cirrhosis.
3. The risk of HCC in patients with HBV infection increases with
(1) viral load
(2) Male
(3) Old age
(4) Presence of cirrhosis
(5) Exposure to aflatoxin
(6) Located in sub-Saharan Africa, patients develop HCC at a younger age
4. The risk of HCC in patients with HCV infection and cirrhosis is accompanied by an increased risk of.
(1) Combined alcohol abuse
(2) Obesity/insulin resistance
(3) Prior or co-infection with HBV
The prevalence of HCC in Western Europe will decrease in 5-10 years (2016-2021) along with the widespread availability of hepatitis B vaccination and the decline of HCV infection. At that time, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) and alcoholism will be the main risk factors for liver cancer.