Varicocele is a common male disease, and conservative treatment of varicocele, such as holding up the scrotum with a scrotal brace and applying local cold compresses, is not effective. If the varicose veins are obvious, regardless of the severity of symptoms, surgery is required to prevent testicular atrophy and spermatogenic dysfunction. The following surgical methods are commonly used in the treatment of varicocele: (1) Microscopic high ligation of spermatic veins is the current gold standard in the treatment of varicocele, the incision is 1-1.5 cm, the arteries can be clearly distinguished under the microscope, and the arteries are not accidentally injured, and the veins are not missed. (2) Retroperitoneal spermatic vein high ligation (also divided into two types: preservation of testicular artery and Palmo procedure to ligate all spermatic cords.) The advantage of this procedure is that the retroperitoneal veins are less branched and less likely to be missed. (3) Laparoscopic high ligation of the spermatic cord: compared with open surgery, this method has the advantages of easy operation, less complications, less pain and faster postoperative recovery, etc. If bilateral ligation is performed, its effect is more obvious. (4) Internal spermatic vein shunt: The superficial abdominal wall vein, inferior abdominal wall vein, saphenous vein and its branches, skeletal and external veins are used to anastomose with the internal spermatic vein to ensure adequate postoperative shunt. Most of them are used at the same time with spermatic vein ligation, which can reduce the recurrence rate. (5) Embolization therapy: percutaneous embolization of the internal spermatic vein with a conchoidal or spiral spherical vascular embolizer. It is not widely used because of the high failure rate of cannulation. (6)Other open surgical modalities:There is the use of spermatic fascial myotomy folding for varicocele, which is considered to be more physiologically hemodynamic after folding, and venous ligation may be detrimental to the blood circulation of the testis. Transinguinal spermatic vein ligation:It was the first traditional procedure used. However, because there are more branches of veins in the inguinal canal, it is easy to miss ligation. Therefore, it is advocated to ligate the vas deferens vein and external spermatic vein at the same time, but this procedure may lead to the occurrence of testicular atrophy, which has been basically eliminated.