1.Surgical treatment surgery can improve the semen quality in 65%-70% of patients, but the pregnancy rate is still not high. There is still a lack of observational evidence of a large sample of data on the role of seminal varicocele surgery on fertility. It has been suggested that surgery has not improved fertility in patients with varicocele infertility. It has also been reported that sperm count and motility decreased rather than improved after surgery. The American Urological Association (AUA) report on varicocele and infertility clearly states that patients with varicocele who have a fertility requirement should be treated only if the following four points are met: 1) The varicocele is palpable on physical examination of the scrotum. ②The couple is diagnosed as infertile. ③The female partner has normal fertility or there is a treatable cause of infertility. ④The male partner has abnormal semen parameters or abnormal sperm function tests. Those who are not currently planning to have children but need to have children in the future and can palpate varicocele with abnormal semen also need treatment. Patients who have already had children or do not want to have children, or patients with normal semen parameters are not included in the recommended treatment group. What are the complications of seminal varicocele surgery? Scrotal testicular edema (incidence 3%-25%), subcutaneous emphysema, testicular syringomyelia, testicular atrophy (usually not present). Recurrence rate of spermatocele surgery? The recurrence rate of surgery has been reported abroad to be 0% ~ 13%, mostly occurring within 3 to 6 months after surgery. What are the reasons for the failure of surgery to improve the conception rate? The surgery is unsuccessful and the varicocele remains; no change in semen quality (reasons: late surgery, incomplete ligation, recurrence); semen quality improves but still fails to meet fertility requirements; blood-testis barrier is destroyed and AsAb is produced, triggering immune infertility. 2. Scope of conservative treatment: infertility patients with varicocele below II°; patients requiring non-surgical treatment and patients requiring herbal treatment with poor surgical efficacy; treatment infertility patients; infertility patients with severe varicocele for improving sperm quality after surgery; infertility with severe varicocele, but one of the sperm density or vitality is still acceptable, can try to treat with herbal medicine first.