Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a rare demyelinating lesion of the corpus callosum that occurs in cases of chronic alcoholism, mainly in men. The disease was first described in Italy, where it was thought to be caused by the consumption of a natural red wine, but it has since been found to occur in many other countries and to involve a variety of other alcoholic beverages. A nutritional etiology has been hypothesized, but the exact nature of the disease is unknown. The pathology and circumstances of the disease have linked it to pontine central demyelination, possibly a variant of the latter (hyponatremia). Patients present with agitation, confusion, and may have progressive dementia with signs of frontal lobe release. Some patients recover after several months; others develop convulsions and coma and eventually die. Corpus callosum degeneration is thought to be related to alcoholism; the clinical manifestations of corpus callosum degeneration lack of specificity, which makes the diagnosis difficult, and most of the cases reported in the past were found by autopsy, with the development of diagnostic imaging, its early diagnosis has become possible. Alcoholism refers to mental and physical disorders caused by alcohol consumption. Alcohol is a pro-neurological substance that has a depressant effect on the central nervous system. Alcohol consumption is associated with a feeling of relaxation and warmth, elimination of tension, relief of fatigue and relief of discomfort or pain. Drinking large quantities of alcohol at one time can produce a state of intoxication, a common form of acute alcohol poisoning. Chronic heavy drinking can lead to degeneration of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, pons and corpus callosum, damage to the liver, heart and endocrine glands, malnutrition, enzyme and vitamin deficiencies. All kinds of alcohol can cause dependence, but spirits containing high concentrations of alcohol are more addictive. Dependence on alcohol develops more slowly, and chronic alcoholism usually develops with a long history of drinking alcohol for more than 10 years. Alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drugs can have cross-tolerance, some alcohol-dependent people can be accompanied by hypnotic sedative dependence. Chronic alcoholics often show personality changes, become selfish, violent, irresponsible for work and family, addicted to alcohol all day, often lying, stealing and other disciplinary behavior. Patients are often accompanied by physical disorders, including chronic gastritis, cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome, peripheral neuritis and myocardial damage. Chronic alcoholism common mental disorders are the following types: First, delirium tremens (delirium tremens) Second, Korsakov syndrome Third, alcoholism hallucinosis (alcoholic hallucinosis) Fourth, alcoholism paranoid state (alcoholic paranoidstate) 【Mechanism of action】 【Mechanism of action】 The alcohol is mainly absorbed by the small intestine, and can be absorbed in the small intestine. Alcohol is mainly absorbed in the small intestine, and can be distributed to any organs and tissues throughout the body, most of which are metabolized and cleared by the liver, and a small portion is eliminated by the lungs and kidneys. The mechanism of alcohol-induced neurological damage has not been fully elucidated, and is now believed to be related to the following factors: 1, affecting vitamin Bl metabolism affects and inhibits the absorption of vitamin B1 and its storage in the liver, resulting in patients with vitamin Bl levels significantly lower than those of normal people. In general, the main source of energy of the nervous tissue from sugar metabolism, in vitamin Bl deficiency, due to the reduction of thiamine pyrophosphate, can cause the obstacle of sugar metabolism, caused by the reduction of energy supply of the nervous tissue, which in turn produces the abnormalities in the function and structure of the nervous tissue. In addition, the lack of vitamin B1 can also cause the obstacle of pentose phosphate metabolism pathway, affecting the synthesis of phospholipids, so that the peripheral and central nervous tissue demyelination and axonal degeneration-like changes. 2.It is fat-soluble, and can rapidly pass the blood-brain barrier and nerve cell membrane, and can act on certain enzymes and receptors on the membrane and affect the function of the cells. 3.Other free radicals and other metabolites generated in the process of alcohol metabolism can also cause damage to the nervous system. The corpus callosum is the largest bundle of connective fibers in the hemisphere, myelin content is relatively high, easy to cause nerve cell degeneration, necrosis; in addition, ethanol and its metabolites (such as acetaldehyde) can be combined with lecithin, deposited in the tissue to produce toxins, the brain tissue is the most rich in lecithin, more vulnerable to damage. Therefore, corpus callosum degeneration is closely related to chronic alcoholism and is one of the rare complications of chronic alcoholism. Due to the different contact fibers, various parts of the corpus callosum degeneration appear corresponding clinical manifestations, such as lower limb dysfunction, aphasia and homonymous hemianopsia due to pressure damage. In the case of extensive degeneration of the corpus callosum, there are many symptoms, lack of localization signs, emotional abnormalities, lethargy, personality changes and movement disorders. There are 3 types of corpus callosum degeneration according to the form of clinical onset: acute, subacute and chronic. Acute onset is sudden, manifesting coma and severe neurological disorders; subacute manifests as severe persistent stupidity; chronic is characterized by isolated syndrome and progressive dementia. The characteristic pathological changes of corpus callosum degeneration are necrosis, demyelination, soft foci formation in the middle layer of the corpus callosum, which can involve the corpus callosum, and also invade the anterior and posterior unions and other white matter; histological examination of the corpus callosum lesion area can be seen in varying degrees of myelin sheath loss, accompanied by reactive gliosis…. MRI is the most valuable diagnostic method to diagnose corpus callosum degeneration; FLAIR sequence can inhibit the high signal of cerebrospinal fluid, make the lesion display more prominent, and can distinguish the new and old degree of the lesion, high signal in the progressive stage, and low signal after the formation of the soft foci; it can also show the brain atrophy situation and other parts of the white matter demyelination coexisting with corpus callosum degeneration.