In the 21st century, surgery has begun a revolutionary leap forward in development. Many new concepts of surgery, such as the concept of minimally invasive surgery, the concept of precision surgery, and the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery, have been widely reflected and applied in thoracic surgery. Especially the rapid development and promotion of minimally invasive thoracic surgery represented by TV thoracoscopy technology, gradually replacing the traditional thoracic surgery technology, so that thoracic surgery is experiencing a profound revolution from traditional thoracic surgery to modern precision minimally invasive thoracic surgery. First, the volume of thoracic surgery continues to increase year by year Statistics of thoracic surgery in 10 large medical centers in mainland China in the past five years, the annual volume of thoracic surgery increased by 68% (17,358 cases – 29,059 cases), many oncology hospitals in the annual volume of thoracic surgery increased by more than 1 times over the past five years. This growth trend is still continuing and even more obvious. The reasons for the continued growth of thoracic surgery in China at this stage are considered as follows: 1. the increasing incidence of thoracic tumors (lung cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.), the increase in the number of patients with the disease will gradually manifest itself in the next five years, and if environmental pollution is not effectively curbed, the number of patients with lung cancer will only rise rather than fall. 2. the continued implementation of the medical insurance system has increased the financial ability of rural patients to pay. 3. the number of early diagnosis and detection of thoracic diseases will increase due to the increase in the number of regular medical checkups as a result of the improved health care concept. 4. others, such as the increased sense of market competition among hospital administrators, etc. New trends in lung cancer surgical techniques 1. Can limited pneumonectomy become a standard procedure for part of lung cancer? How to improve the surgical method of limited pneumonectomy? It is a new issue being explored in lung cancer surgery. As a result of low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) screening, early detection of stage Ia lung cancer or smaller isolated lung nodules has increased significantly, and the number of cases with ground-glass opacity (GGO) on clinical X-ray has also increased significantly, and the number of slow-growing highly differentiated adenocarcinomas also seems to be increasing. Is lobectomy required in these cases? What is the best procedure for lung segmental resection and wedge resection, as well as for precise resection (atypical focal pneumonectomy)? The localization of small pulmonary nodules (CT localization puncture, electromagnetic navigation localization biopsy, intraoperative localization, etc.), preoperative pathological diagnosis, and accurate resection all pose challenges. 2, Accurate preoperative diagnosis and treatment selection for multiple nodules or lesions in both lungs. 3.Surgical techniques for lung cancer based on molecular biology and gene determination are emerging and need to be studied in depth. 4.Therapy is more important in the comprehensive treatment of lung cancer, and will be a new combination with surgery as a new mode of comprehensive treatment for early-stage lung cancer and mid- to late-stage lung cancer, and significantly improve the treatment effect.