Drugs commonly used for the treatment of osteoporosis can be divided into three main categories according to the characteristics of their effects on the growth of bone metabolism, which should be selected appropriately according to the causes and symptoms of osteoporosis. (1) drugs that promote bone calcium formation: mainly calcium preparations and vitamin D drugs; (2) drugs that inhibit bone resorption: mainly estrogen, estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, bisoprolide, etc.; (3) drugs that promote bone cell formation: this class of drugs not only inhibits bone resorption, but also stimulates bone formation, mainly fluoride, parathyroid hormone, etc.