Neuropsychology is the study of the relationship between the brain and the psyche, a new discipline belonging to the intersection of psychology and neuroscience, which studies psychological problems from the perspective of neuroscience. As a discipline started from the book “Principles of Neuropsychology” published by the Soviet scholar Rulia in 1973, it is customary to take the discovery of motor aphasia caused by lesions in the left inferior frontal gyrus of the brain by the French surgeon P. Broca in 1861 as the historical starting point of neuropsychology. It can be divided into three fields: experimental neuropsychology, behavioral neurology, and clinical neuropsychology. Neuropsychology is most closely related to neuroscience, and both behavioral neurology and clinical neuropsychology are important parts of neuroscience research. Specifically, it studies: 1) the brain mechanisms of mental processes such as perception, attention, speech, memory and thinking; 2) the functional localization and lateralization processes in both hemispheres of the brain; 3) the association of various haunts of the cerebral cortex and nuclei in the brain with mental and cognitive activities. The studies are done mainly through neuropsychological examinations. Neuropsychology, as an emerging fringe discipline, has been developing worldwide for nearly half a century. From the Nobel Prize for the study of Sperry’s excised brain, to the in-depth study of clinical neuropsychology on the localization of brain injury, the mechanism of brain injury in various neurological diseases, the evaluation of cognitive rehabilitation, rehabilitation exercises, the evaluation of drug safety, and the evaluation of stroke severity and prognosis have shown that neuropsychology has a strong vitality in brain research and clinical application. 21st century as The 21st century is the “century of the brain”, and neuropsychology plays a very important role in this journey. Neuropsychology is also a clinical discipline that should serve the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Currently we use it more for the research phase, i.e., to do neuropsychological aspects of brain dysfunction for a particular disease. For example, in the diagnosis of dementia, clinicians often make the diagnosis from the history and simple bedside examinations of memory and computation, but rarely use neuropsychological tests to determine whether the patient has limited or full brain dysfunction and the severity of dementia. In stroke patients, sensory and motor deficits are mostly assessed, and many are scored quantitatively using specialized aphasia scales. In addition, brain function abnormalities such as disuse, neglect, and structural deficits are ignored by many physicians in their clinical work. Many large general hospitals in China have neuropsychology laboratories with physicians specializing in neuropsychology. A clinical neuropsychologist should have a rich foundation in neuropsychology and be an experienced neurologist to design the next test for the patient based on a full understanding of the patient’s medical history. At present, our neurology department has launched a new practice capable of performing comprehensive neuropsychological assessments as well as single-item assessments. We hope you will support it.