Herpes simplex virus infection is an infectious disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are two types of human herpes simplex virus, herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II). type I mainly causes infections of the skin, mucous membranes (oral mucosa) and organs (brain) other than the genitals. type II mainly causes infections of the skin and mucous membranes in the genital area. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, oral cavity, genital mucosa and broken skin, and resides in the normal mucosa, blood, saliva and sensory ganglion cells of the body. When the body’s resistance decreases, such as fever, gastrointestinal disorders, menstruation, pregnancy, focal infection and emotional changes, the latent HSV in the body is activated and the disease develops. I. Disease profile of herpes simplex virus infection Infectious diseases caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV can be divided into type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). Common HSV infections include recurrent orofacial herpes, cutaneous herpes, acute herpetic orogingivitis and acute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. Less common are acute herpetic neurological infections such as meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, and radiculitis. Newborns and immunocompromised individuals often present with severe systemic HSV infection. Herpes encephalitis is a serious disease with a high mortality rate, and in some cases can cause lifelong disability. In Western countries, such as the United States and some Western European countries, genital herpes caused by HSV-2 is prevalent as a sexually transmitted disease, and newborns born to women with genital herpes can develop systemic disseminated herpes infection and herpes encephalitis, with a very high mortality rate or serious sequelae. Some patients with organ transplants and those treated with immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drugs can develop systemic herpes infections and even die due to low immune function. The main cause of herpes simplex virus infection is caused by the DNA virus herpes simplex virus. Herpes simplex virus is divided into two types, namely herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) and herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-II). type I mainly causes infections of the skin, mucous membranes (oral mucosa) and organs (brain) other than the genitals. type II mainly causes infections of the skin and mucous membranes in the genital area. The virus enters the body through the respiratory tract, oral cavity, genital mucosa and broken skin, and resides in the normal mucosa, blood, saliva and sensory ganglion cells of the body. When the body’s resistance decreases, such as fever, gastrointestinal disorders, menstruation, pregnancy, focal infection and emotional changes, the latent HSV in the body is activated and the disease develops. HSV-1 infection occurs in the mouth, lips, eyes, brain and skin above the waist, etc. HSV-2 infection is found in the cervix, external genitalia and skin below the waist. Fourth, the common clinical manifestations 1, acute herpetic gingivitis. It is the most common primary infection. The onset of the disease is urgent, there is fever, the mucous membrane of the mouth and tongue and gums are red, congested, and appear in clusters of herpes, rupture to form small ulcers, ulcers can extend to the throat, palate, etc., occasionally can spread to the esophagus and trachea, the patient has pain in the mouth and tongue, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and pressure pain. Usually heals spontaneously after 1 to 2 weeks. 2. Skin herpes. Herpes mostly occurs in the local skin, the skin around the herpes is congested, the herpes dries and crusts and heals. Occurring on the basis of skin eczema is called herpetic eczema. Herpetic eczema and HSV infection in patients with skin burns can cause systemic infection, which is serious and has a high mortality rate. 3. Acute herpetic keratoconjunctivitis. Localized herpes in the bulbar conjunctiva, with little secretion. When the lesion is in the cornea, dendritic ulcers can be seen on the surface of the cornea, and deeper ulcers can cause corneal white spots after healing, often affecting vision, and can also cause pus accumulation in the anterior chamber, iris ciliary inflammation and uveitis, which can cause blindness. 4, genital herpes. Mostly caused by HSV-2, it is an STD that occurs in the cervix, vagina or vulva of women, and in the head of the penis, foreskin, coronal sulcus and surrounding skin of men. The herpes occurs first and then breaks down into a superficial ulcer with local pain, which may be accompanied by fever, difficulty urinating, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes and pressure pain. 5. Acute herpetic neurological infection. It is less common and can manifest as encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis, radiculitis, etc. Herpes encephalitis is a dangerous disease with a mortality rate of about 50% and permanent sequelae for survivors. 6. Systemic disseminated infection. The patient has high fever, cough, dyspnea, cyanosis, jaundice, convulsions, coma and herpes on the skin and mucous membranes of the body. 7. Congenital infection. In women with genital herpes, the fetus can be congenitally infected with HSV, resulting in miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth and congenital malformations such as small head, small eyes, chorioretinitis, growth retardation and mental retardation. V. Preventive measures for herpes simplex virus infection Because HSV infection is very common, the incidence of asymptomatic virus in the normal population is high, especially in patients with recurrent infection, and there is no specific prevention method, so prevention is difficult. Patients should be isolated, especially from newborns, those with eczema, burn victims and those on immunosuppressive drugs. Genital herpes should be prevented as an STD. Screening of pregnant women should include screening for genital HSV infection and should be done early to prevent congenital infection of HSV and neonatal infection. The HSV vaccine has been developed successfully, but it is not yet widely used because of the carcinogenicity of HSV, latent infection with the vaccine, and the effectiveness of prevention of recurrent HSV infection. gamma-globulin prevention is not certain. However, the improvement and widespread use of live attenuated HSV vaccine will play a major role in controlling the occurrence of HSV infection.