Primary liver cancer (hereafter referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma) is the second leading cause of cancer death in China, and hepatectomy is currently considered to be the most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery is still unsatisfactory, and the high recurrence and metastasis rates after surgery are the main influencing factors. The former is the main cause of postoperative recurrence of progressive HCC with vascular invasion, mostly seen in HCC patients without cirrhosis, and the intrahepatic recurrence foci are mostly multiple; while postoperative recurrence of early HCC without vascular invasion mostly belongs to asynchronous multicenter carcinoma, i.e., new cancer foci appear on the basis of cirrhosis. The distinction between the two is based on the histopathological characteristics of the postoperative tumor. It is difficult to distinguish the source of “recurrence and metastasis” of liver cancer among individuals clinically, therefore, we only refer to recurrent liver cancer in the liver after radical resection as “recurrence”. Surgical resection is the most effective treatment for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, but not many patients can undergo resection. Other methods include hepatic artery cannulation chemoembolization, anhydrous alcohol injection, intratumoral radiofrequency thermal coagulation, radiation, liver transplantation, etc. Given that recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma involves multiple links and the invasion of cancer cells has different degrees, measures to inhibit recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma should not be single but targeted in many aspects, so it is extremely necessary to choose reasonable treatment methods according to the characteristics of recurrent carcinoma, liver reserve function and systemic condition in clinical practice. The organic sequential comprehensive treatment with the above mentioned methods should be one of the more practical ways to reduce the recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Accordingly, we have observed the inhibitory effects of loco-regional chemoembolization, oral capecitabine, immunotherapy and surgical and minimally invasive surgical management of portal vein thrombosis on postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, expecting to have a better understanding of the anti-recurrence effects of each individual (type) of treatment and to create conditions for the establishment of a comprehensive treatment plan. I. Local regional chemoembolization Percutaneous hepatic artery chemoembolization after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the more widely used methods, which has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and easy acceptance by patients, however, the anti-recurrence value of TACE is still unclear. The results of the study showed that prophylactic TACE significantly improved the overall tumor-free survival rate after hepatocellular carcinoma surgery, but the analysis of the tumor-free survival rate at different times after surgery showed that the significant effect of TACE on recurrence inhibition seemed to be manifested within 2 years after surgery, while there was no significant difference in the long-term (>2 years) tumor-free survival rate between the two groups. Therefore, this result seems to indicate that prophylactic TACE has a more definite inhibitory effect on trace residual and dissemination of primary cancer after resection. There are many clinical factors affecting recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the effect of prophylactic TACE may vary among subjects with different risk factors for recurrence, which may also be an important reason for the inconsistent findings on the anti-recurrence value of prophylactic TACE in previous studies. There is still some doubt as to the number of times prophylactic TACE should be administered, and this study shows that a single treatment is preferable to multiple treatments. In addition, multiple TACE in the setting of cirrhosis may aggravate the impairment of liver function; therefore, unless the hepatocellular carcinoma occurs in a non-cirrhotic liver and the extent of resection is small, repeated prophylactic TACE may not be appropriate. Since hepatocellular carcinoma is double supplied by hepatic artery and portal vein, and chemotherapy can only eliminate or inhibit residual carcinoma and precancerous lesions, but cannot achieve 0-level killing of tumor cells, in order to further improve the efficacy of TACE, it should be combined with other therapeutic methods, such as intra-tumoral injection of anhydrous alcohol, and attention should be paid to improving the immune function of the body. Oral chemotherapy with targeted drugs For a long time, there are many negative opinions on systemic chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, mainly because of the prevalence of drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the possibility of further damage to liver parenchyma caused by chemotherapy, but this research has never stopped. Fluorotiron, etc., but all of them showed significant efficacy. In recent years, a new precursor drug of 5-Fu, capecitabine (Siroda), has been recommended by FDA as the first-line drug for recurrent metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic breast cancer because it is theoretically effective in “targeting” the tumor tissue. At present, a few studies at home and abroad have reported that capecitabine can be used in the treatment of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and its efficacy is better than that of anti-relapse after supportive therapy alone. Immunotherapy The application of immunotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma has been widely reported, but the role of immunotherapy other than interferon has yet to be further confirmed. Compared with other solid tumors, liver cancer may have special significance in anti-relapse treatment of liver cancer due to the existence of a clear background of HBV infection and the inhibitory effect of most of the methods in immunotherapy on HBV. The incidence of portal vein thrombosis (PVTT) in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma has been reported by previous authors to be as high as 75% or more, while other authors have reported the incidence of PVTT to be 40%-90%. The presence of a large PVTT mostly indicates that the hepatocellular carcinoma is at an advanced stage and the patient is at risk for esophageal variceal bleeding and liver failure. Although with the development of surgical techniques, some treatments that seem to be useful for PVTT have emerged, there is still controversy about the management of PVTT and its efficacy, among which there is relative agreement that surgical resection is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma combined with PVTT.