Varicocele is the dilatation, tortuosity and elongation of the vasculature of the spermatic trapezius plexus due to stagnation of blood flow in the spermatic veins. Varicocele is a progressive lesion with spermatogenic and endocrine dysfunction as its outcome. The incidence is 10-15% in the male population, mostly in the age of 20-30 years, and 15-41% in male infertility. Varicocele occurs mostly on the left side, but bilateral onset is not uncommon. Varicocele can also be caused by renal tumors or other retroperitoneal masses. Clinically, varicocele is more common in men with infertility. Varicocele is of great concern to doctors and patients because it can lead to male infertility. Varicocele is usually treated as a co-morbidity of male infertility. Nearly 50% of infertile couples have semen abnormalities, and varicocele is the most common co-morbidity, and varicocele is easily corrected and has a certain recurrence rate. The main reasons for male infertility caused by varicocele are increased pressure inside and outside the spermatic vein, lack of oxygen due to impaired venous blood return, accumulation of toxic metabolites, increased apoptosis due to oxidative damage to spermatogenic cells and endocrine cells, and impaired sperm differentiation and proliferation, which eventually leads to testicular function damage. The spermatogenic function is inhibited and the semen quality is altered (decreased sperm count, increased proportion of acutely or irregularly shaped malformed sperm and immature sperm, decreased sperm motility). Asymptomatic mild varicocele does not require special treatment, mainly daily life and behavioral treatment to remove the causative factors or aggravating factors, but should be closely followed up to observe the changes in the condition, if the condition worsens, timely drug intervention or surgical intervention; more severe varicocele, sperm count below 20 million three times in a row or with testicular atrophy, and those with obvious local pain symptoms, early surgical intervention.