Varicocele is the elongation, dilation and tortuosity of the spermatic vena cava plexus due to obstructed reflux or venous valve failure, and its main cause is the congenital absence of valves in the spermatic vena cava or venous valve closure insufficiency causing venous blood reflux. The disease is mostly seen in young and strong men, accounting for about 35% to 40% of the male infertility population. 1.What are the effects of varicocele on men? (1) It causes a feeling of scrotal swelling or vague pain, which may radiate to the lower abdomen and waist, and the symptoms are aggravated after prolonged standing or exertion, and reduced or disappeared after lying down and resting; (2) It leads to a decrease in the number of sperm, reduced vitality and increased malformation rate, which causes male infertility. (3) It leads to atrophy and softening of the affected testicles and causes erectile dysfunction in some patients. 2.Why does varicocele cause male infertility? Due to poor blood flow to the affected testis, venous blood retention, scrotal temperature is 0.6~0.8℃ higher than the normal side, testicular hypoxia and CO2 accumulation occur, resulting in an increase in local blood testicular metabolites such as catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandins PGE and PGF content, causing delamination of the spermatogenic epithelium, spermatocyte and sperm cell rehearsal disorder, progressive reduction or even loss of sperm count, morphology The spermatozoa may have abnormal morphology, low vitality, premature shedding of immature sperm, obstructed maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis, and decreased quality of semen, which in turn leads to male infertility. 3.How to treat varicocele? Surgery is the main method to treat varicocele. The main indications for surgery are: (1) for those who have severe symptoms that affect their daily life or whose symptoms are not relieved by non-surgical treatment; (2) for those who have abnormal semen quality that causes infertility, regardless of the severity of symptoms.