Varicocele is a pathological phenomenon in which the venous plexus in the spermatic cord has poor reflux due to various reasons, or the blood flows backwards due to damage to the venous valves, resulting in local venous dilatation, tortuosity and elongation. Among the causes of male infertility, the World Health Organization ranks varicocele as the first. Varicocele is a common disease in young adults; it occurs 95% on the left side and less frequently on both sides; the incidence is 10-15%. In varicocele, about 50-80% of patients have abnormal semen examination, which is characterized by low sperm count, low motility and abnormal morphology. The causes of varicocele: 1, anatomical factors: long stroke of left spermatic vein, right angle convergence into the left kidney vein, abnormal or lack of venous valves in the spermatic cord, as well as relaxation of fascia wrapped around the spermatic cord or poor development of the levator muscle are not conducive to venous blood reflux, which will cause varicocele. 2, physiological factors: young adults have a high sex drive, excessive sexual stimulation can reflexively cause pelvic and spermatic vein congestion, resulting in the occurrence of varicocele; in addition, long standing, increased abdominal pressure is also a factor in the development of varicocele. 3, other factors: retroperitoneal tumor, renal tumor, hydronephrosis, etc. can cause symptomatic or secondary varicose veins in the spermatic cord by compressing the veins inside the spermatic cord. The primary ones disappear quickly when lying down, while the secondary ones often do not disappear or disappear very slowly. Varicocele is generally classified as mild, moderate or severe, and its degree will vary and so will the symptoms. The severity of varicose spermatozoa and the severity of clinical symptoms are not exactly the same, the symptoms of severe varicose spermatozoa can be very light, while the symptoms of mild varicose spermatozoa can be heavy; most of them show a feeling of swelling in the scrotum, sometimes even painful, which can radiate to the lower abdomen, groin area and waist, and the symptoms are aggravated after standing for a long time, walking and labor, and can be relieved after lying down and resting. The harm of varicocele: 1, male infertility: about 80% of men with varicocele will have semen abnormalities, so that the sperm count decreases, the mobility is low, and the deformed sperm increases, which leads to infertility. 2, sexual dysfunction: 60% of patients with varicocele will have low libido, decreased sexual pleasure, painful intercourse, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and other sexual dysfunctions after a long time without treatment. 3, testicular atrophy: varicocele will affect the metabolism of the testicles, causing damage to the testicular parenchyma and leading to testicular atrophy. The testicles are clinically seen to be atrophied, both small and soft. Treatment of varicocele: Mild varicocele with normal fertility generally requires no special treatment. Varicocele combined with infertility or semen abnormalities and severe symptoms are indications for surgery. Adolescent patients with varicocele should undergo surgery early to prevent damage to the reproductive function of the testes and to prevent fertility. The main surgical methods are: open spermatic vein ligation, laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation, spermatic vein embolization and microscopic spermatic vein ligation, among which microscopic spermatic vein ligation is the most ideal surgical method at present.