Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive spine surgery technique that involves percutaneous injection of bone cement into the vertebral body through the pedicle or external pedicle to increase strength and stability, prevent collapse, relieve pain, and even partially restore the height of the vertebral body. Vertebroplasty has been used for decades as an open procedure to augment the pedicle screw and to fill the defect left after tumor removal. The procedure involves the injection of bone tissue or cement into the vertebral body to mechanically strengthen its structure. Percutaneous vertebroplasty inherits the benefits of vertebroplasty without the complications associated with open surgery. In recent years, the use of percutaneous vertebroplasty has gradually spread, and it is more commonly used in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with intractable pain, in addition to spinal hemangiomas, myeloma, and osteolytic metastases. As the survival time of patients with tumor metastases increases, so do their requirements for quality of life and the ability to be active in the final stages of their disease. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is a modification and development of percutaneous kyphoplasty, which uses an expandable balloon (KyphXTM, Inflatable Bone Tamp), which, after percutaneous puncture, is inflated within the vertebral body to reposition the vertebral body and create space within the vertebral body, thus This reduces the amount of thrust required to inject the bone cement, and the cement is less likely to flow when placed within it. Compared with the conventional approach, there is no difference between the biomechanical properties of this approach and the clinical application shows that it not only relieves or alleviates pain symptoms, but also significantly restores the height of the compressed vertebral body, increases the stiffness and strength of the vertebral body, restores the physiological curvature of the spine, and increases the volume of the thoracoabdominal cavity and improves the function of the organs, thus improving the quality of life of the patient. In 2002, 38,000 percutaneous vertebroplasty and 16,000 percutaneous kyphoplasty procedures were performed in the United States, mainly for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, with reported pain relief rates exceeding 90% and few serious complications. safety have been recognized by the majority of doctors and patients. In recent years, with the advent of social progress and population aging in China, osteoporosis and pathological fractures caused by vertebral metastases have become not only medical problems but also serious social problems. Due to the occurrence of a large number of elderly vertebral fractures, especially osteoporotic compression fractures, the quality of life of the elderly is seriously affected, and the country has to pay a huge amount of health care costs every year, which brings a heavy burden to society and families. Vertebroplasty has been carried out in China for more than ten years, and the procedure can rapidly relieve pain, stabilize the fractured vertebrae, early activity, break the vicious cycle of conventional bed-rest conservative treatment, improve the quality of life, reduce the time of bed-rest and fatal complications of the respiratory and circulatory system after fracture, improve the quality of life of elderly patients, reduce the economic burden of the country, and bring good social benefits. Before the advent of vertebroplasty, it changed the status quo that patients with osteoporotic compression fractures and vertebral osteolytic metastases could only be bedridden. Compared with traditional surgery, it has the following advantages: 1. Small trauma: minimally invasive with only 6mm incision; 2. Short operation time: about 30-50 minutes/single vertebra on average; 3. Low bleeding: almost no bleeding; 4. Less painful and almost painless; 5. Less use of analgesics: the surgery can be completed with local anesthesia; 6. Short bed rest: the patient can move around on the same day after surgery; 7. Short hospital stay: the patient can be discharged 1-3 days after surgery; 8. Fast recovery after surgery: most patients’ pain disappears after surgery; 9. Low nursing difficulty: the patient can move around on the same day after surgery, which greatly reduces the risk of long-term bed rest complications and nursing difficulty. Suitable for: osteoporotic compression fractures, vertebral osteolytic metastases, vertebral myeloma, vertebral hemangioma; contraindications: people with abnormal coagulation, extensive vertebral destruction, extreme failure and those who cannot tolerate it, hospitals that cannot perform acute surgical decompression surgery. The PVP and PKP technique is a safe, effective and minimally complicating procedure. As science and technology continue to advance, their advantages in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and osteolytic metastases of the vertebral body will be further demonstrated.