Chronic kidney disease (CKD) definition: Chronic renal structural and functional disorders (history of renal damage >3 months) from various causes, including normal and abnormal pathological renal GFR, abnormal blood or urine composition, and abnormal imaging, or unexplained decrease in GFR (<60 ml/min-1.73 m2) for more than 3 months, are considered CKD. Chronic kidney disease caused by diseases include various primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, tubular injury and lesions of renal blood vessels. According to GFR, chronic kidney disease can be divided into 5 stages. Early detection and early intervention can significantly reduce the complications of CKD patients and significantly improve the survival rate. For the treatment of CKD, including the treatment of the primary disease, the management of various risk factors and delaying the progression of chronic renal insufficiency, when CKD patients progress to stage 5, renal replacement therapy should be performed in a timely manner. In different stages of CKD, the clinical manifestations vary. Before CKD stage 3, patients may have no symptoms or only mild discomfort such as weakness, lumbar acidity and increased nocturia; a few patients may have loss of appetite, metabolic acidosis and mild anemia; after CKD stage 3, the above symptoms become more obvious and further aggravated after entering renal failure stage, sometimes hypertension, heart failure, severe hyperkalemia, disorders of acid-base balance, gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, The symptoms may include hypertension, heart failure, severe hyperkalemia, disorders of acid-base balance, gastrointestinal symptoms, anemia, abnormal mineral bone metabolism, hyperparathyroidism and central nervous system disorders, and may even be life threatening.