How can inguinal lymph node dissection ensure tumor control and minimize complications?

  Inguinal lymph node metastasis status is the most important factor affecting the survival of patients with penile cancer, one of the few tumors for which regional lymph node dissection has curative value. However, the high complication rate of this procedure has consistently plagued clinicians and its use. Currently, some surgeons have significantly reduced the extent of the procedure and reduced complications through modified debulking, but the outcome of tumor control is compromised. The key to tumor control is adequate clearance. The radical lymphatic clearance extent using conventional radical surgery (proposed by Daseler) (can guarantee the efficacy, but there are many postoperative complications.  The use of radical clearance extent guarantees efficacy while improving the classical radical procedure, and reformulating and proposing the concept of modified radical surgery with the following main points: (1) S-shaped incision (2) separation of the flap in the correct plane using anatomical landmarks (3) preservation of the saphenous vein (4) complete preservation of the broad fascia (5) no suturing muscle transposition. Preservation of the saphenous vein trunk and preservation of the suture muscle in situ was proposed by Catalona and applied to modified debridement, which has been shown to reduce complications.Jacobellis first proposed to perform a radical debridement, using a radical debridement scope with both preservation of the saphenous vein trunk and suture muscle in situ techniques (only 8 patients, no follow-up reports). The application of the S-shaped incision, the use of anatomic landmarks to separate the flap in the correct plane and the complete preservation of the broad fascia in a three-point technical innovation to inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer has not been previously reported in the literature, and its postoperative complications approximated those of the modified dissection. The article related to this technique was rated as one of the best 5 papers in the current issue of J Urol and was cited in the world’s most authoritative guidelines (European Urological Association guidelines).