The common liver malignancies are liver cancer, including primary liver cancer and metastatic liver cancer. Primary liver cancer, referred to as hepatocellular carcinoma, is a common malignant tumor in China. Metastatic liver cancer, also known as secondary liver cancer, is caused by primary cancer or sarcoma of other organs metastasizing to the liver. The etiology of primary liver cancer is still unclear, and the causative factors vary from region to region. In China, viral hepatitis, food aflatoxin contamination, and water pollution are considered as the main risk factors. Alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, diabetes, genetics and other factors also play an important role. 1.Cirrhosis: about 80% of patients suffering from liver cancer are combined with post-hepatitis cirrhosis. 2.Viral hepatitis: Hepatitis B is more closely related to liver cancer, and chronic HBV infection is also related to liver cancer. 3.Mold and its toxins: Studies have found that the degree of food contamination by aflatoxin mold and its toxins is higher in areas with relatively high incidence of liver cancer than in other areas. 4.Liver parasitic diseases: it may be related to the occurrence of liver cancer. 5.Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: some scholars have studied that old age and alcohol consumption are independent influencing factors for the occurrence of liver cancer in such patients. 6.Malnutrition: long-term malnutrition, especially protein and vitamin B deficiency, has a certain impact on the occurrence of liver cancer. The factors of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence are very complex, and the complex interaction of multiple pathogenic factors, multiple stages and steps are the possible mechanisms.